Martin Wilckens

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Martin Wilckens (1834-1897)

Martin Wilckens (born April 3, 1834 in Hamburg , † June 10, 1897 in Vienna ) was a German animal breeding scientist . He is one of the founders of scientific animal breeding and scientific dairy farming.

Life and work

After completing his Abitur in Hamburg, Martin Wilckens studied medicine in Göttingen from 1853 , where he also joined the Hannovera fraternity . After studying in Vienna and Würzburg, he returned to Göttingen, where he became a Dr. med. (Dissertation: On the ossification of the skin and the so-called skin stones). Then he passed the state examination for doctors in Hamburg, settled down as a general practitioner and was appointed by the city of Hamburg to be a doctor for the poor . In addition, he was a lecturer at the anatomical and surgical institute in Hamburg.

In 1859 he went to Jena, where he studied folk and agriculture. From his inherited fortune, he bought a manor in Pogarth ( Breslau administrative district ) in 1861 and managed it until 1871. During this time, he began teaching at the University of Rostock . At the same time he studied animal physiology at the University of Göttingen and completed his habilitation there in December 1871 in the medical faculty for animal physiology.

In 1872 he took over the first extraordinary professorship for agriculture at the University of Rostock. In the winter semester of 1872/73 he became a full professor for animal physiology and animal breeding and at the same time founding rector of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, which was established at that time . He was head of the Institute for Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals; For several years he was a member of the examination committee for teaching candidates in agricultural schools. In 1886 he became a member of the Leopoldina .

As the rector of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Martin Wilckens was not without controversy with his demand to provide the students with an education that was as science-oriented as possible. In his opinion, the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences should not “drill agricultural practitioners”, but rather “provide thinking and judgmental disciples” for Austrian agriculture. In 1878 he therefore pleaded for the university he headed to be integrated into the University of Vienna. The Austrian Ministry of Agriculture and a large part of the landowners rejected such plans so that they were not implemented. Martin Wilckens gained recognition as a scientist primarily through his studies of cattle breeds. In 1889 he went on a study trip to North America.

Martin Wilckens died in Vienna in 1897 through suicide. In 1960 the Wilckensweg in Vienna-Döbling was named after him.

Publications (selection)

  • About the ossification and calcification of the skin and the so-called skin stones Inaugural treatise ... Göttingen 1858 (dissertation, University of Göttingen, reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  • Contributions to agricultural animal breeding. Leipzig 1871.
  • Investigations on the Stomach of Ruminating Domestic Animals. Wiegandt & Hempel, Berlin 1872 (also habilitation thesis at the University of Göttingen 1871, archive.org or reader.digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  • The alpine economy of Switzerland, Algäus and the western Austrian alpine countries. Vienna 1874.
  • The cattle breeds of Central Europe. Vienna 1876 (with 70 plates).
  • Form and life of farm pets. Vienna 1878.
  • University teaching for farmers and foresters. Vienna 1879.
  • Basics of the natural history of domestic animals. Dresden 1880; 2nd edition. Revised by Johann Ulrich Duerst, Leipzig 1905 ( archive.org ).
  • Studies of the sex relationship and the causes of sex formation in pets. Berlin 1886.
  • Letters about farm animal husbandry. Vienna 1887.
  • Floor plan of the agricultural pet education. Tübingen 1888–1889, 2 volumes, 2nd edition by Hagemann and Hansen, Tübingen 1903–1904.
  • North American Agriculture. Tübingen 1890.
  • Work horse against play horse. Vienna 1894.
  • (Ed.): Blackboards on the natural history of domestic animals. 1st delivery: the beef. 2. Delivery The horse. Kassel 1878-1880 OCLC 68686477 .

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Martin Wilckens  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paulus Ebner: The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna: From the foundation to the future 1872-1997 . Ed .: Manfried Welan. Böhlau Verlag Wien, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-205-98610-5 , p. 254 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ Henning Tegtmeyer : Directory of members of the fraternity of Hannovera Göttingen, 1848–1998 , Düsseldorf 1998, page 20
  3. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Pogarth. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ^ Member entry by Martin Wilckens at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on January 26, 2016.
  5. ↑ The suicide of Martin Wilckens is unproven.
  6. ^ Johann Werfring: The German Rector and his way in Vienna. In: Wiener Zeitung. December 6, 2012, supplement ProgrammPunkte , p. 7 ( wienerzeitung.at ).
personal data
SURNAME Wilckens, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German animal breeding scientist
DATE OF BIRTH April 3, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1897
Place of death Vienna