Masdevallia

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Masdevallia
Masdevallia herradurae

Masdevallia herradurae

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Epidendreae
Sub tribus : Pleurothallidinae
Genre : Masdevallia
Scientific name
Masdevallia
Ruiz & Pav.

The genus Masdevallia the family of orchid (Orchidaceae) comprises over 640 plant species , which occur in Central and South America. Most of the plants grow at higher altitudes in the Andes, mostly as epiphytes on trees, but sometimes also as lithophytes on rocks or terrestrially .

description

The Masdevallia species grow sympodially . The roots and the individual shoots arise from a thin rhizome surrounded by membranous lower leaves . The roots are surrounded by velamen one to five cell layers thick . The rungs are not thickened and are densely packed or at a distance from each other. The shoots are also surrounded by dry lower leaves at the base and a single leaf at the top. This is leathery in texture, stalked, rounded-oval to narrow-oval in shape. The leaves can be covered with glandular hairs on both sides.

The inflorescence appears terminal. At the point of attachment of the leaf and inflorescence on the shoot, the shoot forms a tubular extension called an "annulus". The inflorescence is one to many-flowered, if there are several flowers , they form a cluster . The flowers are resupinated . The visual effect is mainly due to the three outer petals, they are often fused together and often end in a long tip. The lateral petals are small, keeled lengthways and have a small hump at the base. The lip usually has two longitudinal keels, at the base it does not sit directly on the ovary , but is articulated with a short extension of the column ("column foot"). The stamen has two laterally compressed pollinia .

distribution

The plants of the genus Masdevallia can be found from southern Mexico to southern Brazil , their main distribution area is in the higher regions of the Andes of Bolivia , Ecuador , Colombia and Peru . They can be found in mountain regions, mostly at altitudes above 2000 meters.

Masdevallia angulifera
Masdevallia morochoi
Masdevallia rimarima-alba

Systematics and botanical history

The first description of Masdevallia comes from the Spanish botanists Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez from 1794. The genus was named after the Spanish doctor José Masdevall Terrades Llobet y Berenguer (? - 1801), a doctor and botanist at Karl's court III. from Spain. The genus was collected in a place no longer known today in Peru (1779) and shipped to Spain. In the subfamily Epidendroideae , the genus Masdevallia is classified in the tribe Epidendreae and the subtribe Pleurothallidinae . Closest related to Masdevallia is the genus Dracula .

After the basic treatment by Carlyle August Luer , the genus Masdevallia is divided into twelve sub-genera. After further studies the monotypic subgenus Pelecaniceps becomes the genus Phloeophila Hoehne & Schltr. counted, the small subgenus Pygmaeia Luer forms its own genus Diodonopsis Pridgeon & MWChase . The division into the remaining ten sub-genera and different sections could not be traced in DNA studies, but has proven useful for the identification of individual species.

  • Subgenus Amanda Luer with the sections Amandae and Ophioglossae Luer .
  • Subgenus Masdevallia with the sections Amaluzae Luer , Aphanes Luer , Caudivolvulae Luer , Coriaceae , Ligiae Luer , Masdevallia , Mentosae Luer , Minutae Rchb.f. ex Woolward , Racemosae and Reichenbachianae .
  • Subgenus Cucullatia Luer
  • Subgenus Fissia Luer
  • Subgenus Meleagris Luer
  • Subgenus Nidificia Luer
  • Subgenus Polyantha Luer with the sections Alaticaules Kraenzl. and Polyanthae Rchb.f.
  • Subgenus Scabripes Luer
  • Subgenus Teagueia Luer
  • Subgenus Volvula Luer .

A list of the species of this genus recognized today can be found in R. Govaerts.

supporting documents

  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (Part one) . 2nd Edition. tape 4/1 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-850712-7 , pp. 367-370 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Masdevallia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  2. ↑ Masdevallia on the website of The Pleurothallids Alliance
  3. ↑ Stevens, WD, C. Ulloa U., A. Pool & OM Montiel: Flora de Nicaragua , 2001, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85, online
  4. ^ H. Ruiz López, J. Pavón y Jiménez: Florae peruvianae, et chilensis prodromus. Sive Novorum generum plantarum peruvianarum, et chilensium descriptiones, et icones. Sancha, Madrid 1794
  5. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  6. ↑ CA Luer: Icones Pleurothallidinarum, Systematics of Masdevallia, Complete Set . Missouri Botanical Garden Press 1984-2003.

Web links

Commons : Masdevallia  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Masdevallia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .