Garden levkoye

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Garden levkoye
Garden levkoye in the subspecies Matthiola incana subsp. rupestris

Garden levkoye in the subspecies Matthiola incana subsp. rupestris

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Anchonieae
Genre : Levkojen ( Matthiola )
Type : Garden levkoye
Scientific name
Matthiola incana
( L. ) R.Br.

The Matthiola incana ( Matthiola incana ) is a plant from the kind of wallflowers ( Matthiola ) within the family of cruciferous (Brassicaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The garden levkoje is a perennial plant that is lignified at the bottom and reaches heights of 20 to 80 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy.

The simple foliage leaves are narrow, obscure-eilanzettlich and have entire margins, seldom distantly toothed or lobed.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from April to June, rarely until October. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold. The sepals are 9 to 15 millimeters long. The petals are white, cream yellow, pink, red, purple or blue. The petals are 20 to 30 millimeters long and 4 to 12 millimeters wide. The bilobed scar is narrower than the pod. The scar flaps on the back are swollen.

The upright-protruding pods are flattened, 45 to 160 millimeters long and 3 to 5 millimeters wide, their fruit flaps are flattened. The lower pods stand on 7 to 25 millimeter long stems at the fruit time.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence

The garden levkoye occurs wild on coasts in the central Mediterranean area. For example, it is a neophyte on the coasts of western and southern Europe and on the Canary Islands . In terms of plant sociology, it is a species of the Crithmo-Staticion association.

The wild garden levkoje ( Matthiola incana ) on the Azores island of São Jorge
The garden levkoje as an ornamental plant

Systematics and taxonomy

In Europe, some authors distinguish several subspecies of the garden levkoye:

  • Matthiola incana R.Br. subsp. incana : It is originally found in the Azores , Spain , the Balearic Islands , France , Italy , Sardinia , Sicily , Malta, Great Britain, Croatia, Slovenia , Serbia , Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania and Armenia .
  • Matthiola incana subsp. melitensis Brullo, Lanfr., Pavone & Ronsisv. : She is endemic to the island of Gozo, which belongs to Malta .
  • Matthiola incana subsp. rupestris (Rafin.) Nyman (incl. Matthiola incana subsp. pulchella (P. Conti) Greuter & Burdet ): It occurs only in southern Italy and Sicily . The subspecies is bald or sparsely hairy, the lower leaves are up to 25 to 40 millimeters wide.

use

The garden levkoje is widely used as an ornamental plant for summer borders and as a cut flower and scented plant. The species has been in culture since the 16th century at the latest. The flowers can be single or double, medium or large.

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler - excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  • Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas Florae Europaeae . Volume 10. Helsinki 1994, ISBN 951-9108-09-2 , pp. 112-113.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Peter William Ball: Matthiola R.Br. S. 340. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al: Flora Europaea , 2nd edition, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press 1992, ISBN 0-521-41007-X . ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , page 471.
  3. ↑ a b c Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Datasheet Matthiola incana In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Garten-Levkoje ( Matthiola incana )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files