Wall chamber grave
The wall chamber grave (also called wall chamber or Central German wall chamber) is, according to Hans-Jürgen Beier, a more or less recessed, rarely ground-level form of a house-like burial building of the Walternienburg-Bernburg culture (3200–2800 BC) with more common ones compared to the roughly identical somewhat more western one Shack of the dead with a higher proportion of stone. The side walls and the roof are made of dry masonry , wooden planks and mixed forms. Individual large blocks were also used. Hans-Jürgen Beier differentiates between wall chambers and drywall structures.
distribution
Wall chambers occur primarily in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia . Submegalithic chamber construction is widespread from France to the Ukraine . The wall chamber of Stein in the province of Limburg Netherlands is a specialty . The existence of another wall chamber could be proven in 1998 in Lower Saxony in the Harz foreland with the wall chamber of Remlingen . The archaeologists made use of the most modern techniques that enabled the three-dimensional documentation of walls, stone paving, the remains of the charred rafter roof and the finds. The east-west facing “house of the dead”, which can be assigned to the Bernburg culture on the basis of typical vessels and decorated shards, was well preserved. With the up to 50 cm high foundation wall made of foreign rocks, the stone paving and the remains of charred roof beams, there were good opportunities for reconstruction.
construction
The facilities were mostly built from split planks and have a stone pavement on which additions and skeletal remains of humans and animals were found. Most of the chambers consist of a gable roof made of tree trunks or split planks that extends from the bottom of the pit and is ultimately covered with a mound of earth. The entrance was on the narrow side, which completed the building at right angles.
Chamber of Krozingen
The wall chamber of Bad Krozingen in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg , excavated in 2011, has parallels in the late Neolithic of Central Germany. The chambers are considered to be an imitation of megalithic architecture, in which a plank construction is placed on a trapezoidal (most of them are rectangular) stone base. This construction was covered with earth, which is supported by the findings at the excavation site. The Bad Krozingen chamber is 2.4 m deep. The trapezoid has straight sides measuring 3.4 by 2.6 m. Pre-Coated technicians extend the side walls 4.5 m and mark access. The trapezoidal shape is very reminiscent of wooden buildings like those found in Lepenski Vir on the Danube. The discovery in the Upper Rhine Graben closes a distribution gap between the analogous French findings and pseudomegalithics in the Neckar region . The investigation did not produce any findings. The closest real megalithic ( Dolmen of the Schwörstadt type ) can be found in the southern Black Forest and in Switzerland.
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest . Beier & Beran, Wilkau-Hasslau 1991 ( Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe . 1), (At the same time: Halle-Wittenberg, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1991: The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings and the menhirs in the five new East German federal states (formerly GDR) .).
- R. Busch, F. Laux, H. Schutkowski: The wall chamber grave of the Salzmünder and Walternienburg - Bernburg culture by Börnecke, Wernigerode district 1997
- Ulrich Dirks: Hidden for 5000 years. Excavations of a Neolithic death hut near Remlingen in the Wolfenbüttel district . Oldenburg 1999.
- A. Häusler: The graves of the spherical amphora culture in Volynia and Podolia and the question of their origin . Annual Journal for Central German Prehistory 50 1966 pp. 115–140