Ante (architecture)

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Treasury of the Athenians in Delphi , porch with ante
Sketch: temple with porch made of ante and pillars

An ante is a protruding wall tongue in ancient Greek and Roman architecture , but it already occurs as a basic element in prehistoric buildings. The anterior forehead is usually reinforced to an anteral pillar, which rests on an ante base and is crowned by an ante capital . In addition, the antenna pillar can have a different parallelepiped layer than the adjoining walls, even monolithic antenna pillars are known, which characterize this component in a special way ( Temple of Athena in Tegea ). About the musicians normally follows on the front crossbar .

In a temple , the ante is an elongated side wall of the cella . As at the Parthenon in Athens, it can have a greater wall thickness than the cella walls. The vestibule (and a possibly existing rear hall) of a temple is laterally limited by the ante. A temple with columns between the antes ( in antis ) is also called an antic temple or templum in antis , a temple with columns in antis on the front and back of the double antic temple . Also in a peripteros , in which the cella is surrounded by a column wreath , the antes laterally limit the front and rear hall of the cella, the pronaos and the opisthodom .

The design probably originates from mud brick construction, as the wall tongues were reinforced and stabilized on their front sides by vertical wooden planks. Nevertheless, it can also be found in the stone megalithic structure of prehistoric times, where it appears as an uncovered form of Astylos .

literature

  • Anna Dorothea Brockmann: The Greek Ante. A typological study. Dissertation. Marburg 1968.
  • René Ginouvès, Roland Martin : Dictionnaire méthodique de l 'architecture grecque et romaine . Volume 2: Éléments constructifs: Supports, Couvertures, aménagements Intérieurs . Boccard, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-7283-0239-8 , ( Collection de l'Ecole Française de Rome 84, 2), p. 25.
  • Gottfried Gruben : The temples of the Greeks . 5th edition. Hirmer, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-777-48460-1 .
  • Hans Riemann : Studies on the Greek Anten Temple. In: Yearbooks of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum 161, 1961, ISSN  0938-9334 , pp. 183-200.