Mauthausen Danube bridges

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Railway and road bridge in Mauthausen 2011 (south view)

The Mauthausnerstrasse Danube bridges cross the river Danube in Mauthausen , Upper Austria and Pyburg , Lower Austria, under the Enns estuary or above the mouth of the Enns channel at flow kilometers 2111.1. The railway bridge was built in 1941, the road bridge in 1961.

history

A first permanent bridge over the Danube near Mauthausen was commissioned by the then Archduke of Austria and later German Emperor Maximilian I from April 4, 1501 to the citizens of Enns . Half under construction, the wooden bridge was cleared during the devastating flood of August 1501 ("Ascension pour") and could not be completed until 1505 - also because there was an enormous shortage of oak and larch wood after the flood. It began in Enghagen am Tabor , ended above Pragstein Castle , and connected Enns to Hauderer Strasse, which led to the east . It was - after Vienna  1439, Krems / Mautern  1463 and Linz  1479 - only the fourth Danube bridge of the Duchy of Austria .

The great opponent of this bridge was the owner of Pragstein Castle, Ladislaus Prager , who operated the crossing. The use of the bridge was subject to a toll. It was badly affected by every flood and the citizens were obliged to repair it. Already in 1621 the bridge was hardly usable, in 1660 the damage was so great that it could no longer be restored. In 1661, a commission came to the decision not to build a bridge at this point, because the watercourse had changed. The remains of the decaying bridge hampered shipping for years.

Until the early 19th century, the crossing of the Danube carried out with operated by the city of Enns Mutzen- About carts . On the other hand, crossings from Spielberg Castle only lasted a short time. Mutzen were boats made of sturdy planks with a low deck height and space for three two-horse wagons including a horse, the ship's horse and the crew. Smaller crossings were carried out with barges that were suitable for 6 to 8 people, but were often loaded with 12 to 15 people.

In 1809 a ship bridge was built during the Fourth Napoleonic War , but it was destroyed by the Bavarians.

At the beginning of the 20s of the 19th century the city of Enns built a flying bridge , the rope of which was attached to the Tabor hill and protected from moisture by furrow grooves . In the other direction, however, they crossed over to Pyburg . At the same time, to protect the Mauthausen market from the threat of flooding from the Enns, the mouth of the Enns was relocated to the east and, at the same time, the border between Upper and Lower Austria was redefined.

In 1874 Markt Mauthausen bought the flying bridge and its accessories from the city of Enns for 15,000 guilders and converted it into a roller ferry in 1901, which was in operation from April 30, 1902 to January 14, 1962. A mighty rope was stretched across the Danube from Pragstein Castle and a pull rope ran back and forth on a pulley. In 1951 a lifting bridge to the taxi ferry was built on the right bank of the Danube.

As early as 1872, a railway bridge for the St. Valentin – Budweis railway line was built east of the mouth of the Enns . In 1941, during the Second World War , it was no longer able to cope with the requirements, so a new railway bridge was built. Because of the war, the old bridge remained. After the war, the occupying powers demanded the adaptation of the old bridge for general traffic in 1947, which it served until 1961, although it could only be used alternately in one-way traffic.

On December 22, 1961, a new bridge was opened for general traffic, and the taxi ferry was shut down at the same time.

Construction and function

The two bridges are made of steel structures resting on concrete pillars. The girders have a strut framework with posts.

The bridge length is 573 meters. The width of the river bridge is five times 80 meters. There are two passage openings for shipping, each 72.5 meters wide and an average height of 8.09 and 8.10 meters respectively. The average level of the Danube at Mauthausen is 547 centimeters.

The railway bridge built in 1941 is used by the Donauuferbahn and the road bridge built in 1961 by around 18,000 to 20,000 vehicles every day. The plans for a new Danube bridge about 500 meters further east are about to be implemented. Completion by 2018 is necessary, because otherwise an expensive renovation of the existing bridges is pending. Construction of the new Mauthausen Danube bridge is scheduled to begin in 2024, with completion scheduled for 2027.

At this point, the Danube bridges connect Upper and Lower Austria as well as the Perg district with the Amstetten district . The railway bridge enables, on the one hand, the connection of the Donauuferbahn to the Westbahn in Sankt Valentin and, on the other hand, the direct connection to Linz via the Ennsdorf loop . The road bridge connects the eastern Mühlviertel with the leading through the Mostviertel West Highway and, with the B 123 (Mauthausnerstraße) a connection between the B 1 and B 3 represents.

The east-west route of the Way of St. James in Austria leads over the Mauthausen Danube bridges and users of the Danube Cycle Path have the opportunity to switch between the north and south banks.

architectural art

Roller ferry monument by Ingrid Steininger

The artist Ingrid Steininger recorded the memory of the Mauthausen Flying Bridge from 1902 to 1962 in her roller-ferry monument for posterity. The stylized silhouette of Mauthausen with the ferry in the foreground is shown on a 180 × 103 × 62 centimeter granite block that was processed in the Neuhaus plant of Poschacher Natursteinwerke . Individual objects are colored blue and red.

literature

  • Franz Mohl: On the history of the Mauthausen market. In: Mühlviertler Heimatblätter. Magazine of the Mühlviertel artists' guild in Upper Austria. Volksbildungswerk, Linz, October 1966, p. 154 ff ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Certificate April 4, 1501 in the Upper Austrian State Archives: Archive of the City of Enns. According to Christian Rohr : Extreme natural events in the Eastern Alps: Experience of nature in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern era. (= Environmental historical research. Volume 4). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20042-8 , chapter summary. P. 205 f ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ^ Christian Rohr: Natural event or catastrophe? For the perception, interpretation and management of natural disasters in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. Lecture, Seniorenuni Bern, o. D., Economic History Results and Expenditures for Construction Timber - Wels (1471–1520) ( slides, pdf ( memento of the original from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and not yet Checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , seniorenuni.unibe.ch, there p. 21, 1st and 2nd slide). Christian Rohr: Extreme natural events. 2007, chapter The everyday floods - life on the river. P. 289 ff (on the Bruckamt billing Wels). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.seniorenuni.unibe.ch
  3. ^ A b Christian Rohr: Extreme natural events. 2007, chapter summary. P. 205 f.
  4. ^ Roman Sandgruber: Wrestling over Danube bridges. In: Upper Austrian news. November 20, 2010.
  5. ↑ Joseph August Schultes: Austria's Danube Stream from Engelhard'szell to Vienna. Volume 2 of Danube trips: a handbook for travelers on the Danube. Verlag A. Doll, 1827, p. 145 ( digitized version, Google, complete view ).
  6. ^ Benedikt Pillwein (Ed.): History, geography and statistics of the Archduchy of Austria on the Enns and the Duchy of Salzburg . With a register, which is also the topographical and genealogical lexicon and the district map. Geographical-historical-statistical detail according to district commissariats. 1st edition. Second part: the Traunkreis . Joh. Christ. Quandt, Linz 1828, district-Commissariat Enns: Enghagen: , S. 243 ff ( Google eBook ). 2nd edition 1843 ( Google Book )
  7. ^ Karl Gotsch: Danube bridges in Austria. (private website)
  8. ^ Controversy over the new Danube bridge in Mauthausen . ( Memento from August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Kronenzeitung. March 2, 2010.
  9. ↑ Expensive bridge renovation in 2018 puts pressure on politicians . In: Upper Austria news. February 16, 2011.
  10. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/perg/politik/zweite-donaubruecke-fuer-mauthausen-fix-baubeginn-ab-2024-geplant-d2321095.html
  11. ↑ New Danube bridge for Mauthausen presented. In: ooe.orf.at. December 13, 2017, accessed November 9, 2018 .
  12. ↑ Working group for small and field monuments Mauthausen (ed.): Rollfähre - memorial stone . No. 73, In: Monuments - small and field monuments in the Danube market Mauthausen. Linz 2000. (2nd edition. Linz 2005, ISBN 3-902488-27-1 , p. 89)

Coordinates: 48 ° 14 ′ 16 ″  N , 14 ° 31 ′ 52 ″  E