Maxim Maximowitsch Kowalewski

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Cyrillic ( Russian )
Максим Максимович Ковалевский
Transl. : Maksim Maksimovič Kovalevskij
Transcr. : Maxim Maximowitsch Kowalewski
Maxim Maximowitsch Kowalewski (1906)

Maksim Kovalevsky (* August 27 jul. / 8. September  1851 greg. In Kharkov Governorate , † March 23 jul. / 5. April  1916 greg. In Petrograd ) was a Russian sociologist, historian and lawyer and professor at the State Saint Petersburg University . He also worked in the fields of economics and ethnography and is one of the founders of sociology in Russia.

Kowalewski came from a noble family. He studied at the Law Faculty of Kharkov University, then continued his education abroad until 1876. From 1877 to 1887 he taught constitutional law and comparative legal history at Moscow University . In the following years he worked mainly abroad, giving lectures in Europe and America. In 1901 Kowalewski was one of the founders of the Russian School of Social Sciences in Paris. From 1905 until the year of his death, he taught legal history at the University of Saint Petersburg - interrupted, however, by a seven-month internment in Austria, as the beginning of the World War in Karlsbad surprised him. Only the protests of many scientists and statesmen brought him freedom.

Kowalewski's extensive area of ​​interest and his extensive work made him acquainted with many scientists of his time. Including Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , with whom he was friends. Both evaluated Kowalewski's work on common land ownership and on the history of the family and gentile society . The results were incorporated into Engels' The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State .

Kowalewski was actively involved in politics. In 1906 he was a co-founder of the (numerically small) party of democratic reforms ( Партия Демократических Реформ ), which was close to the Cadets . He was elected to the first Duma (April – June 1906) in the Kharkov Governorate and was a very active member of the State Council from 1907 .

Kowalewski was a Freemason and founded the Paris Masonic Lodge Cosmos in 1887 under the roof of the Grand Lodge of France . He later became a member of the Fraternité Lodge of the Grand Orient de France . In 1906 he received a patent and thus permission from the Grand Orient de France in order to then found Masonic lodges in Moscow in 1907 and in Saint Petersburg in 1908 . As early as 1909 he became chapter master of the Polarstern chapter in Saint Petersburg .

For 1912, Kowalewski was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Works (selection)

  • Maxime Kowalewsky: The economic development of Europe up to the beginning of the capitalist economic system . 4 volumes (1901–1909). Prager, Berlin.
  • M. Kovalevsky: Tableau des origines et de l'évolution de la famille et de la propriété . Stockholm 1890.
  • Maxime Kovalevsky: Modern Customs and Ancient Laws of Russia . Lawbook Exchange, Union, NJ 2000, ISBN 1-58477-017-1 ( yale.edu - first edition: Moscow 1886).
  • Maksim M. Kovalevskij: Obščinnoe zemlevladenie, pričiny, chod i posledstvija ego razloženija . Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt / M. / New York 1977, ISBN 3-593-32165-3 (Russian, first edition: 1879, The common land property - causes, course and consequences of its decay).
  • Maxim Kowalewski: Memories of Karl Marx . In: Mohr and General. Memories of Marx and Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965, pp. 381-405. (Russian in Westnik Jewropi , St. Petersburg, No. 7, July 1909, pp. 5–22)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Peter Harstick (Ed.): Karl Marx on forms of pre-capitalist production. Comparative studies on the history of real estate 1879–1880. From the handwritten estate, ed. and a. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York 1977, ISBN 3-593-32136-X , pp. 22-210.
  2. ^ Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: International Freemason Lexicon. 5th edition 2006, Herbig Verlag, ISBN 3-7766-2478-7 .
  3. ↑ To the nomination for the Nobel Prize: Page of the Nobel Prize Committee .

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personal data
SURNAME Kowalewski, Maxim Maximowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ковалевский, Максим Максимович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian sociologist, historian and lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Kharkov Governorate
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1916
Place of death Petrograd