Media linguistics

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The media linguistics is still a new sub-discipline of linguistics that deals with the language and the language involved in media communication and at the interface between linguistics and media studies is.

terminology

So far, no uniform terminology has been able to establish itself in media linguistics. Above all, the term media is defined differently in the research literature: sometimes language itself is counted as a medium , sometimes the medium is understood to be the technical device for transmitting communication (e.g. the telephone medium) and sometimes the medium is equated with the form of communication (e.g. . the chat as a medium). The rapidly developing and changing technology in the media sector also contributes to the unclear terminology. There is no clear demarcation between old media and new media or primary, secondary, tertiary and so-called quaternary media.

methodology

As far as the methodology is concerned, media linguistics makes use of various linguistic, communication-theoretical and cultural-scientific methods, depending on the subject. When analyzing written language use in media communication, for example, methods from the field of text linguistics are used, while methods of conversation analysis are useful for examining oral language use in (audiovisual) media.

research object

In the subject of media linguistics, a distinction must be made between mutual, interpersonal communication (e.g. telephone calls) and mass media communication (e.g. radio, television, print media), which is more complex to describe: Basically, communication is in the mass media about one-sided communication (“one to many”) that is accessible to or addressed to an anonymous, dispersed audience. Within this framework, however, interpersonal forms of communication can also be implemented (e.g. talk shows or feedback from the audience, letters to the editor, "phone-ins").

The Internet and social software in particular are characterized by the fact that both mass media and interpersonal communication can be used in various applications.

Questions

Typical questions in media linguistics revolve around the possible influences of a certain media and communicative situation on language use. The focus of the respective studies can be narrowly or broadly defined: from a view of entire media groups (e.g. communication in mass media, language use on the Internet and possible feedback on language use outside the medium) to individual forms of communication (e.g. E-mail, chat, radio news) down to individual (partial) aspects (e.g. headlines, text / image ratio, proximity / distance in chat communication). The questions are both synchronous (e.g. comparison of communication situations in different media) and diachronic (e.g. questions about changes in writing).

In addition, overarching aspects are brought to the fore in a cultural-scientific framework. The focus here is on the role of the media in culture as a whole. The mutual influence of media and culture is investigated and, for example, examined to what extent media are responsible for cultural and social changes.

Applied media linguistics

Applied media linguistics deals with practice-oriented aspects. It formulates, for example, recommendations for media professionals on the question of how texts can be produced and presented so that they correspond to the specific properties of the medium used. Possible questions are, for example, which relationship between text and image is suitable for a newspaper or how a text should be written for the radio, i.e. for purely acoustic reception.

State of research

Basically, it can be observed that in recent media linguistic research, the use of language in the new media is increasingly becoming the focus of research. Since computer- and internet-based forms of communication such as e-mail and chat as well as the SMS function of the mobile phone are used for written communication, there is a close connection between writing skills and media use and a possible change, especially in written language use, as a result of the new media or their use went out. The starting point is the observation that through the private use of the new media, writing is taking up more and more space in our society and that a number of informal features and special writing techniques can be found in this specific language usage. The Koch / Oesterreicher model is often used here. These make a distinction between conceptual orality (orat) and conceptual writing (literat) and designate a more informal use of language than conceptually oral. The questions of how extensive the media influence writing is, which aspects of language use are affected and whether contact phenomena between the different types of writing may occur are controversial in academia and the general public, with a more media-critical view prevailing in the public . However, a scientific study that provides information on the actual influence and significance of the new media with regard to language use on the basis of empirical data is not yet available.

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Harry Pross : Media research - film, radio, press, television. Darmstadt 1972.
  2. ↑ Werner Faulstich : Introduction to media studies. Problems - Methods - Domains. (= UTB 2407) Munich 2002.
  3. ↑ Harald Burger : Media Language. An introduction to the language and forms of communication in the mass media. Berlin / New York 2005.
  4. ↑ Peter Schlobinski: Foreword. In: From * hdl * to * cul8r *. Language and communication in the new media. Edited by Peter Schlobinski, Dudenverlag, Mannheim a. a. 2006, p. 7f. (7).
  5. ↑ Michael Klemm / Sascha Michel : Media Culture Linguistics. Plea for a holistic analysis of (multimodal) media communication. In: Benitt, Nora u. a. (Ed.): Corpus - Communication - Culture: Approaches and concepts of a cultural studies linguistics. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag (WVT), 183-215 (= Giessen Contributions to the Study of Culture).
  6. ^ Daniel Perrin : Media Linguistics. (= UTB 2503) Constance 2006.
  7. ^ Ulrich Schmitz (Ed.): New Media. (= FRUIT 50) 1995.
  8. ↑ Jens Runkehl , Peter Schlobinski , Torsten Siever : Language and communication on the Internet. Overview and analysis . Opladen, Wiesbaden 1998.
  9. ↑ Michael Beißwenger (ed.): Chat communication. Language, interaction, sociality & identity in synchronous computer-mediated communication. Perspectives on an interdisciplinary research field. Stuttgart 2001.
  10. ↑ Arne Ziegler , Christa Dürscheid (ed.): Communication form e-mail. Tübingen 2002.
  11. ↑ Michael Beißwenger, Ludger Hoffmann , Angelika Storrer (eds.): Internet-based communication. (= FRUIT 68) 2004.
  12. ↑ Peter Schlobinski (Ed.): From * hdl * to * cul8r *. Language and communication in the new media. Mannheim 2006.
  13. ↑ Jannis Androutsopoulos et al. (Ed.): Recent developments in Internet linguistic research. (= German Linguistics 186–87) Hildesheim 2006.
  14. ↑ Christa Dürscheid: Media communication in the continuum of written and spoken form. Theoretical and empirical problems. In: Journal of Applied Linguistics. No. 38, 2003, pp. 37-57.
  15. ↑ Peter Koch, Wulf Oesterreicher: Language of Proximity - Language of Distance: Orality and writing in the field of tension between language theory and language history. In: Romanistisches Jahrbuch 36. 1985, pp. 15–43.
  16. ↑ Peter Koch, Wulf Oesterreicher: Writing and language. In: Hartmut Günther , Otto Ludwig (Ed.): Writing and writing. Writing and Its Use. An interdisciplinary handbook of international research. 1. Halbbd., Berlin, New York 1994 (Handbooks for Linguistics and Communication Science 10.1), pp. 587–604.

Further

  • Michael Beißwenger, Angelika Storrer (ed.): Chat communication in work, education and media: Concepts - tools - fields of application. Stuttgart 2005.
  • Ines Bose / Dietz Schwiesau (eds.): Write, speak, listen to messages. Research into the intelligibility of radio news. Berlin 2011 ( ISBN 978-3-86596-990-3 )
  • Hans-Jürgen Bucher: Linguistic methods of media research. In: Joachim-Felix Leonhard et al. (Ed.): Media Studies. A manual for the development of media and forms of communication. 1st volume, Berlin / New York 1999, pp. 213-231.
  • Harald Burger: Types of text in the mass media. In: Klaus Brinker et al. (Ed.): Text and conversation linguistics. An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. 1st half volume: Textlinguistics (= HSK 16.1), Berlin / New York 2000, pp. 614–628.
  • David Crystal: Language and the Internet. Cambridge 2001.
  • Susan Herring (Ed.): Computer-Mediated Communication. Linguistic, Social and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. (= Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 39) Amsterdam, Philadelphia 1999.
  • Werner Kallmeyer (Hrsg.): Language and new media. Berlin / New York 2000.
  • Rainer Leschke: Introduction to media theory. Munich 2003.
  • Heinz-Helmut Lüger: Press language. 2nd Edition. Tübingen 1995.
  • Heinz-Helmut Lüger, Hartmut EH Lenk (ed.): Contrastive media linguistics. (= Landau writings on communication and cultural studies (LSKK), Volume 15) Landau 2008.
  • Dieter Möhn, Dieter Roß, Marita Tjarks-Sobhani (eds.): Media language and media linguistics. Festschrift for Jörg Hennig. (= Language in society 26) Frankfurt am Main 2001.
  • Daniel Perrin : "Linguistics of Newswriting". Amsterdam / New York 2013.
  • Helmut Schanze (Ed.), Susanne Pütz: Metzler Lexicon Media Theory, Media Studies. Approaches, people, basic concepts. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-476-01761-3 .
  • Ulrich Schmitz: Language in Modern Media. Introduction to facts and theories, topics and theses. Berlin 2004.
  • Ulrich Schmitz, Eva-Lia Wyss (ed.): Letter culture in the 20th century. (= OBST 64) Oldenburg 2002.
  • Torsten Siever, Peter Schlobinski, Jens Runkehl (eds.): Websprache.net. Language and communication on the Internet. Berlin / New York 2005.
  • Erich Straßner : Language in the radio media. In: mother tongue. 88, 1978, pp. 174-182.
  • Caja Thimm (Ed.): Social in the net. Language, social relationships and communication cultures on the Internet. Opladen, Wiesbaden 2000.