Medical informatics

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Electronic health card

The medical computer science (from Latin informare make ' , representing' English Health Informatics or Medical Informatics ) is the science of systematic development, representation, management, storage, processing and provision of data, algorithms, information and knowledge in medicine and in the healthcare system. It should contribute to the design of the best possible health care.

definition

The Technical Committee for Medical Informatics (FAMI) of the German Society for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology eV (GMDS) describes medical informatics as follows:

“Medicine is not possible without comprehensive and carefully planned collection and processing of information. In hospitals, for example, adequate information logistics have a significant impact on the quality of patient care. An adequate presentation and systematic processing of image and biosignal findings can support diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. A systematic representation of medical knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and the development of knowledge bases to support the doctor in making decisions are also helpful.

For this purpose she uses theories and methods, procedures and techniques of computer science and other sciences and develops her own. With the help of these, medical informatics describe, model, simulate and analyze information and processes with the aim of

  • Support doctors, nurses and other stakeholders in the health care system as well as patients and relatives
  • Design and optimize supply and research processes and
  • to contribute to new knowledge in medicine and health care.

Medical IT specialists develop, operate and evaluate infrastructures, information and communication systems, including those for medical devices, so that the necessary data and information and the required knowledge can be professionally recorded, stored, accessed, processed and distributed.

Medical informatics understands these as socio-technical systems whose working methods are in accordance with ethical, legal and economic principles. "

- Definition of medical informatics

history

At the end of the 1960s, the term Informatique médicale emerged in France , coined by Francois Grémy , professor at the Paris Medical Faculty , among others . In Germany, the term “medical informatics” first appeared in 1970 in an article by Peter Leo Reichertz , professor at the Hannover Medical School , in the journal Methods of Information in Medicine . In the winter semester 1972/73 the then world's first undergraduate degree program in medical computer science as cooperation was Heilbronn University and the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg started. In 1975 the handbook of medical documentation and data processing appeared . Claus O. Köhler has put together a detailed account of the history of medical informatics in Germany .

Since then, medical informatics has grown enormously in line with the growing demands and technological capacities. In recent years, the Internet in particular, especially the emergence of e-health and mobility-oriented areas of application such as B. Consumer Health Informatics , the area of ​​expertise expanded.

Areas of application

According to the textbook, the declared aim is to “correctly present and interpret the right information at the right time, in the right place, in the right context, in the right context, in order to support and improve decisions and processes in medicine and healthcare with methods of structuring and recording , Maintenance, processing, communication and presentation of data, information and knowledge. ” The work processes of those working in the healthcare sector can be supported by computer-aided documentation in the context of electronic patient files. This applies to medical diagnostics , therapy , billing, epidemiology and disease prevention . This also makes a decisive contribution to the increasingly important purpose of quality assurance . This is because processes and the (poor) performance of those involved are made comprehensible, i.e. in principle controllable.

In order to achieve this goal, information often has to be systematically structured and, in some cases, classified first, which has established a separate professional field, medical documentation . With the help of this structured information, which can be interpreted by computers, so-called knowledge - based systems can be set up that support those working in the healthcare sector, for example in diagnosing and treating patients. Structured information is also the basis for the use of cancer registers as well as for scientific or economic calculations in health care. Health networking (e-health) and the electronic drug prescription are currently gaining increasing relevance .

Special areas of application deal with image processing , i.e. diagnostics using computed tomography and other imaging methods , as well as bio-signal processing, for example in operating theaters and intensive care units . Computer-assisted detection (CAD ) of conspicuous structures in X-ray images to support the diagnostic process is a relatively new field of application . Building on these diagnostic methods, there is an area of ​​application that deals with supporting the doctor during medical interventions. Medical image data is prepared, further processed and / or combined with other measurement data in order to provide the doctor with assistance in navigating medical instruments - for example using methods of augmented or virtual reality .

Neighboring areas

Neighboring areas are bioinformatics , nursing informatics , dental informatics , health informatics , medical documentation , epidemiology , medical biometrics .

Course offers

Since 1972 it has been possible to study medical informatics in German-speaking countries. The first related course was the diploma course at the University of Heidelberg in cooperation with the University of Heilbronn , which has since been converted into corresponding Bachelor and Master programs. There are now numerous courses in medical informatics at universities and technical colleges. According to information from the INIT-G youth initiative, there were 25 courses in medical informatics (17 Bachelor, 8 Master) and 40 computer science courses with a specialization in "Medical Informatics" (22 Bachelor, 18 Master) in Germany.

There are courses in Austria at the Vienna University of Technology and the MedUni Vienna . Since 2011 there has been a vocational school for medical informatics, the HTL Grieskirchen .

The career prospects for medical informatics are good to very good.

Professional societies

Important national and international specialist societies and associations that represent the subject of medical informatics are:

literature

  • Andreas Holzinger: Biomedical Informatics. Books on Demand, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-2219-3 .
  • E. Bitzer et al.: Inventory, evaluation and preparation of the implementation of a data collection " Evaluation of medical procedures and technologies" in the Federal Republic. Nomos, 1998, ISBN 3-7890-5646-4 .
  • Martin Dugas: Medical Informatics. Springer, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-53327-7 .
  • Peter Haas: Medical Information Systems and Electronic Medical Records. Springer, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-540-20425-3 .
  • Klaus Holthausen: IT, medical. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 671 f.
  • Karl Janssen: Medical expert systems and state safety regulation. Medical informatics as a subject of medical device law. Springer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-540-62912-2 .
  • Uwe Krüger, Sebastian Schneeweiss: Pure occupational medicine, pure medical statistics and IT. The index cards. Börm Bruckmeier, 1995, ISBN 3-929785-15-3 .
  • Thomas Lehmann, Erdmuthe Meyer zu Bexten: Handbook of medical informatics. Hanser, 2002, ISBN 3-446-21589-1 .
  • Christopher Tresp: Descriptive logic for handling fuzzy knowledge in the context of a medical application scenario. Shaker, 1999, ISBN 3-8265-6182-1 .
  • Medical informatics, biometrics and epidemiology. Textbook. de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 3-11-014317-8 .
  • Medical documentation. Basics of Quality Assured Integrated Health Care - Textbook and Guide. Schattauer, 2003, ISBN 3-7945-2265-6 .
  • Medical informatics dictionary. de Gruyter, 1990, ISBN 3-11-011224-8 .
  • Thomas Lehmann: Handbook of Medical Informatics. 2nd Edition. Hanser, 2005, ISBN 3-446-22701-6 .
  • Friedrich Wingert: Medical informatics. BG Teubner, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-519-02453-5 .
  • O. Rienhoff, JL Zimmerman, JJ Salley: Dental Informatics: Strategic Issues for the Dental Profession . Springer-Verlag, 1990, ISBN 0-387-52759-1 .
  • Louis M. Abbey: Dental Informatics: Integrating Technology Into the Dental Environment . Springer-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 0-387-97643-4 .
  • Titus Schleyer: Dental Informatics . Volume 46, 2002, p. 3.
  • Marcel Stepan: Information technology in dentistry . Thesis . Danube University Krems , 2008.
  • Andriani Daskalaki: Dental Computing and Applications: Advanced Techniques for Clinical Dentistry. Medical Information Science Reference, 2009, ISBN 978-1-60566-292-3 .
  • Andriani Daskalaki: Informatics in Oral Medicine: Advanced Techniques in Clinical and Diagnostic Technologies . (PDF; 664 kB), Medical Information Science Reference, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60566-733-1 .

Web links

Commons : Medical informatics  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikibooks: Medical Informatics  - Learning and Teaching Materials

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Technical Committee for Medical Informatics (FAMI) of the GMDS: Definition of Medical Informatics ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved January 23, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gmds.de
  2. ^ A b Claus O. Köhler: History of Medical Informatics in Germany from the Beginnings to 1980 . 2003. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
  3. ^ Peter Leo Reichertz: Requirements for configuration and management of Integral Medical Computer Center. In: Methods of Information in Medicine. 9, 1970, pp. 1-8.
  4. ↑ 40 years of MI - background. Heilbronn University , accessed on January 23, 2015 .
  5. ↑ S. Koller, G. Wagner (ed.): Handbook of medical documentation and data processing . Schattauer, Stuttgart / New York 1975.
  6. ^ T. Mettler, DA Raptis: What constitutes the field of health information systems? Fostering a systematic framework and research agenda. In: Health Informatics Journal. 18 (2), 2012, pp. 147–156. doi: 10.1177 / 1460458212452496 .
  7. ↑ GMDS: INIT-G - Initiative for qualified IT young people in the healthcare sector. In: Announcements 4th quarter 2013. ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 23, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gmds.de
  8. ^ Forum der Medizin_Documentation and Medizin_informatik 3/2013.
  9. ↑ GMDS: Study opportunities in medical informatics. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
  10. ^ E. Ammenwerth: Professional careers in medical informatics: a current survey of UMIT graduates. In: Forum of Medicine_Documentation and Medicine_Informatics. 2, 2014, pp. 68-71.
  11. ^ P. Knaup, W. Frey, R. Haux, F. Leven: Medical Informatics Specialists: What Are their Job Profiles? Results of a study on the first 1024 medical informatics graduates of the Universities of Heidelberg and Heilbronn. In: Methods of Information in Medicine. 42 (5), 2003, pp. 578-587.
  12. ↑ http://www.bvmi.de/
  13. ↑ http://www.sgmi-ssim.ch/
  14. ↑ http://www.ocg.at/