Lithostegs farinata

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Lithostegs farinata
Lithostegs farinata

Lithostegs farinata

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Litho bars
Type : Lithostegs farinata
Scientific name
Lithostegs farinata
( Hufnagel , 1767)

Lithostege farinata , also called flour- colored rocker or flour spanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe Spanner family (Geometridae).

features

The wingspan of the moth is 29 to 33 millimeters (or 27 to 33 millimeters). The front wings are uniformly white, whitish-gray to light gray. The fringes are white. The hind wings are bright white.

The elongated oval egg is whitish yellow when placed and shows small dimples on the surface. It darkens and turns blackish-gray after 8 to 10 days, just before the egg caterpillars hatch.

The gray-brown egg caterpillar shows blackish stripes on its back. The head is colored yellow-brown. After the second molt, a broad, light side stripe forms. The back has four narrow white lines. After the third and final moult, the caterpillar turns pale green to yellowish. It is very slim and about 16 millimeters long. There are three brown, fine lines on the back, with the middle line being slightly wider. On the side there are two strong wavy lines, some of which narrow at each segment incision. The head has a dark shade on the forehead.

The doll is 12 millimeters long and 3 millimeters thick. It is initially light brown and shiny, later dark brown with a matt surface. It is heavily dotted on the back, but otherwise unbristled. Two strong, diverging, pointed bristles sit on the cremaster .

Geographical distribution and habitat

Lithostege farinata occurs from the Iberian Peninsula, via France, via northeast Germany, eastwards across Eastern Europe, the Caucasus region to Western Siberia and Central Asia ( Altai , Tian Shan ). In the north the distribution area extends to southern Scandinavia and the Baltic States , in the south to southern Italy and the Balkan Peninsula . In 2008 the species also appears in a fauna list for southeast Turkey. The species has not yet been identified in the British Isles. Ebert specifies Northwest Africa as another geographical occurrence. In the distribution map of the species in the work of Patrice Leraut, however, neither the occurrence on the Iberian Peninsula nor the occurrence in Northwest Africa are recorded. All deposits are very local. Evidence for Israel and Egypt still exists in the older literature . They have not yet been confirmed (anymore). Mix-ups with other types of lithographic bars cannot be ruled out. In Tian Shan (Turkestan) the species rises to 1500 to 1600 meters.

The area of ​​the species has shrunk in the last few decades. So the species also occurred in Denmark until the 1970s . It is no longer proven there today. Bergmann (1955) mentions the species e.g. B. still from Thuringia ; there it is considered extinct. In Brandenburg , a moderate spread of the species has been observed again since the 1990s. This is probably due to the fact that many areas that were previously used for agriculture remained fallow and therefore offered the species good living conditions.

The species prefers warm, dry, open, sandy to loamy-sandy habitats that are not overgrown. The species is also found in ruderal areas until they are overgrown again (and the food plants of the caterpillars have disappeared).

Way of life

The species usually forms one generation per year, the moths of which fly from late May to early July. Occasionally the dolls overlap, e.g. Sometimes even several times, so that the generation sequence is delayed. During breeding, some moths hatched in autumn, which could indicate a partial 2nd generation. The moths are nocturnal, during the day they rest in the vegetation, but can be frightened very easily and therefore often fly shorter distances during the day. You come across artificial light sources at night . The fast-growing, oligophagous caterpillars feed on hedge mustard ( Sisymbrium officinale ), Descurainia Sophia ( Descurainia sophia ), Gray cress ( Berteroa incana ), field mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ), garlic mustard ( Alliaria petiolata ) and field-radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum ) . They prefer to eat the flowers and young pods. The pupa usually hibernates twice, often several times.

Danger

The species is classified as "endangered" (category 2) in Germany. In Germany, it probably did not originally occur in some federal states (e.g. Baden-Württemberg ). But also in the federal states that belong to the original range of the species, such as B. Brandenburg , Saxony-Anhalt and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , the species is endangered or even threatened with extinction or already extinct. In Saxony and Thuringia the type was last detected 30 years ago, in Hessen about 50 years ago, in Hamburg , Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony over 60 years ago.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in the original combination Phalaena farinata . Occasionally two subspecies are distinguished:

  • Lithostege farinata farinata , the nominotypical subspecies , in most of the distribution area
  • Lithostege farinata bachmutica Prout, 1938, Western Siberia, light brown fore wings

In the Fauna Europaea, however, the latter subspecies is reunited with the nominotypic subspecies.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Red Lists at Science4you
  2. ↑ a b Skou (1986: pp. 205/6)
  3. ↑ a b c Leraut (2009: p. 723/4)
  4. ↑ a b c R. Busse: Lithostege farinata. Entomological Journal, Central Organ of the International Entomological Association in Guben, 20: 27-28, guben 1906 online at archive.org
  5. ↑ Lepiforum - Lithostege farinata
  6. ^ JM Novoa Pérez, MA Nieto Manzano, V. García-Villanueva and JA Moreno Tamurejo: Proyecto de Muestreo y catalogación de los Macroheteróceros de Extremadura, España (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 30: 121-142, 2002 PDF .
  7. ^ Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
  8. ^ Paolo Parenzan: Contributions to knowledge of the Lepidoptera in Southern Italy: XVII. Geometridae. Entomologica (Bari), 99-245, 1994 ISSN  0425-1016
  9. ↑ Muhabbet Kemal, Ahmed Ömer Koçak and Kesran Akın: List of the Lepidoptera of Mardin province (South East Turkey) with some faunistical remarks. Cesa News, Center for Entomological Studies Ankara, 16: 11 S., Ankara 2008 PDF
  10. ↑ a b Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8. Moth VI (Geometridae 1st part). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
  11. ^ FS Bodenheimer: Prodromus Faunae Palestinae. Mémoires de l'Institute d'Égypte, 33: 1-286, 1937.
  12. ↑ a b c d Gelbrecht & Rosenbauer (2002: p. 9ff.)
  13. ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 68)
  14. ^ Johann Siegfried Hufnagel: III. Continuation of the table of the nocturnal birds, which contains the 3rd species of the same, namely the tension knives (Phalaenas Geometras [sic] Linnaei). Berlinisches Magazin, 4 (6): 599-626, Berlin 1769 [1] Online at SUB Göttingen]
  15. ↑ LITHOSTEGE FARINATA bachmutica Prout, 1938
  16. ^ Lithostege farinata at Fauna Europaea

literature

  • Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
  • Patrice Leraut: Moths of Europe. Volume II. Geometrid moths. NAP Editions 2009, ISBN 978-2-913688-09-4
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  • Peder Skou: The geometroid moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae and Geometridae). 348 S., Leiden, Brill, 1986 online at GoogleBooks
  • Jörg Gelbrecht and F. Rosenbauer: Distribution, biology and ecological demands of Lithostege farinata (HUFNAGEL, 1767) in Germany (Lep., Geometridae). Entomological News and Reports, 46 (1): 9-15, 2002 ISSN  0232-5535

annotation

  1. ↑ The German names are unusual. The publications, The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg, The Butterflies of Central Europe and the Lepiforum do not use any of the above German trivial names. The name Mehlweißer Feldflur-Raukenspanner, created by Bergmann, also received no attention.

Web links

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