Gray cress
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Gray cress ( Berteroa incana ) |
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| Berteroa incana | ||||||||||||
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The gray cress ( Berteroa incana ), also known as common gray cress , is a species of gray cress ( Berteroa ) within the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). The natural range is in Eurasia and it is a neophyte in North America . The gray-green felted hair is striking, an adaptation to survive drought.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The gray cress is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 80, in rare cases up to 110 centimeters. It is covered with gray-green felted star hair. A single or a few stems are formed that stand upright and often branch out.
The basal leaves are stalked, obscure-lanceolate and 3.5 to 8 (rarely from 2.5 to 10) centimeters long with a wavy or entire leaf margin. They are usually withered when they bloom. The leaves growing on the stem are sessile and have entire margins, pointed or blunt.
Generative characteristics
There are schirmtraubige inflorescences formed. The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The sepals stand upright and are 2 to 2.5 millimeters long. The petals are white, (4 to) 5 to 6.5 (to 8) millimeters long and deeply split. The stamens are white. The anthers are elongated and 0.5 to 1 millimeter long.
The pods are usually 5 to 8.5 millimeters long and 2.5 to 4 millimeters wide in outline, oblong to elliptical.
The gray cress blooms from May to August and the fruits ripen from June to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
Nectar is secreted at the base of the stamens . Pollinators are hoverflies , bees, and butterflies .
Occurrence
Its Eurasian distribution area extends from Siberia and Kazakhstan , across the Caucasus to southeast, central and northern Europe (Denmark). In North America it is a neophyte .
In Central Europe it grows in the colline to montane altitude range on sandy and stony, dry ruderal areas and on roadsides. Berteroa incana is a character species of Berteroetum incanae from the association Dauco-Melilotion in Central Europe , but also occurs in nitrogen-influenced societies of the Sedo-Scleranthetea or Agropyretea classes. They are often found together with the roof brusque ( Bromus tectorum ) or species of the genus evening primrose ( Oenothera ).
In Austria the gray cress occurs very frequently in the Pannonian region , otherwise scattered or rarely.
Systematics
The gray cress ( Berteroa incana ) is a species from the genus gray cress ( Berteroa ) and thus belongs to the cruciferous family ( Brassicaceae ). Within the family she belongs to the Alysseae tribe .
The first publication of this kind took place in 1753 Carl Linnaeus under the basionym Alyssum incanum . Robert Brown introduced her as Farsetia incana (L.) R.Br. to the genus Farsetia . Augustin Pyrame de Candolle placed them in the genus Berteroa in 1821 .
The scientific generic name of Berteroa honors the Italian botanist and doctor Carlo Giuseppe Luigi Bertero (1789–1831). Because of the gray hair, Linné chose the specific epithet incana , which means "gray" in Latin.
Common names
Another name for the gray cress for Silesia is the white cress.
use
The "cress oil" obtained from the seeds is used locally as edible oil or as technical oil.
toxicity
The plant is non-toxic to humans, but toxic to horses both fresh and when dried. The consumption of gray cress in horses can lead to apathy, edema of the limbs, reluctance to move, stiffness, fever, reluctance to eat, increased pulse rate and miscarriages. Large amounts can also kill the horse.
swell
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 87 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 87 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Berteroa. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , pp. 65 (English, online - PDF file ).
- ^ A b Berteroa incana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 646 .
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 455.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 650 ( digitized ).
- ↑ Augustin Pyrame de Candolle: Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, sive Ordines, genera et species plantarum secundum methodi naturalis normas digestarum et descriptarum. Volume 2. Treuffel & Würtz, Paris 1821, p. 291 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 23, online.
- ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 142 .
- ↑ https://vtg-tiergesundheit.de/Pferd/Blog/Gift Pflanzen-fuer- Pferde
Web links
- Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Gray cress. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Gray cress . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Berteroa incana (L.) DC. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (Swedish)
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
