Flour Räsling
| Flour Räsling | ||||||||||||
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Flour Räsling ( Clitopilus prunulus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Clitopilus prunulus | ||||||||||||
| ( Scop .: Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
The flour räsling or flour mushroom ( Clitopilus prunulus ) is a leaf agaric from the red bloom relatives family . It is a productive edible mushroom with a white surface on the hat, lamellas that have grown down and pink spores.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting bodies of the Mehl-Räsling appear individually or in small groups. They have a 3 to 9, rarely up to 12 centimeter wide, thick-fleshed hat . Its shape is initially hemispherical and flattens out to a (partly funnel-shaped) deepened shape, which is wavy towards the rolled edge and usually has a broad hump. The white to pale gray-beige or yellowish-cream-colored surface is velvety-matt and finely frosted at least when dry, sticky or greasy when wet. The crowded, narrow lamellae are white when young and later colored by the pinkish-brown spore powder when the spores are ripe . The cutting edges are arched. They grew down on the stalk. The stem is often attached eccentrically to the hat, full-bodied and whitish overfiber. It reaches 2 to 6 centimeters in length and is 5 to 15 millimeters thick. The meat is relatively soft. It smells and tastes typically like flour or cucumber.
Microscopic features
The almond-shaped to ellipsoidal shaped spores measure 9 to 14 by 5 to 6.5, rarely up to 8 micrometers and are ribbed 6 to 8 times lengthways. The four-pore basidia measure 25 to 47 by 7 to 12 micrometers. The cap skin is a cutis or ixocutis made up of 3 to 7 micrometers thick cylindrical hyphae .
Species delimitation
The main distinguishing features are the ripe pink (brown) spores, which discolor the lamellae accordingly, and the strong flour-like smell and taste.
There are dangerous confusion possibilities with poisonous white funnellings like the deadly poisonous field funnelling ( Clitocybe dealbata ) or the lead white varnish funneling ( Clitocybe phyllophila ).
The white tufted rasp ( Lyophyllum connatum ), now considered poisonous, has white spore powder.
Distribution and ecology
This not uncommon species lives in typically rich soils in a mycorrhizal symbiosis with trees mainly in forests and produces fruit from July to November. Its occurrence in ecologically very diverse habitats shows few special requirements.
The species is widespread and common in Germany.
Ingredients, composition
The cucumber-like odor was attributed to trans -2-nonenal, which occurs when the fruit body is damaged and is then present in a concentration of 17 micrograms per gram of minced fungal tissue. The volatile compound 1-octen-3-ol it contains makes the species inedible for the banana snail ( Ariolimax columbianus ).
meaning
The flour räsling is a good and productive edible mushroom , but it can easily be confused with poisonous white funnels, such as the lead white varnish funnel . Collecting for food is therefore only recommended to connoisseurs.
Systematics and taxonomy
The official first scientific description comes from a work by Joannes Antonius Scopoli published in 1772 . The proposed Scopoli name Agaricus prunulus was by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 published work "Systema Mycologicum" sanctioned . 1871 ordered Paul Kummer taxon in his "The leader in the mycology" the kind of Räslinge ( Clitopilus ) to.
The Latin epithet “ prunulus ” (“plum”) refers to the ripening of the hat skin through the comparison with plums. This reference can also be found in the German-language name “plum mushroom”. Both the German trivial names and the English-language name “miller” (German “Müller”) go back to its flour-like smell.
Web links
- Picture collection of Clitopilus prunulus (Slovak). On: www.Nahuby.sk . Retrieved May 28, 2011.
swell
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: The great BLV mushroom guide for on the go . BLV, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8354-0644-5 , p. 228 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Fredi Kasparek: Large flour räsling (Clitopilus prunulus). In: www.natur-in-nrw.de. 2008, accessed May 28, 2011 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 234.
- ↑ a b Cornelis Bas (Ed.): Flora Agaricina Neerlandica . Critical monographs on the families of agarics and boleti occuring in the Netherlands. 1: Entolomataceae. AA Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam 1988, ISBN 978-90-6191-859-2 , pp. 82 (English).
- ↑ Statistics: Top 100. In: Mushroom mapping 2000 Online - Distribution maps for mushroom species in Germany. A. Schilling, P. Dobbitsch, accessed May 29, 2012 .
- ^ William F. Wood, Mary Lou Brandes, Richard L. Watson, Ross L. Jones, David L. Largent: trans -2-Nonenal, the cucumber odor of mushrooms . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 86 , no. 4 , 1994, pp. 561-563 (English).
- ↑ William F. Wood, Cynthia L. Archer, David L. Largent: 1-Octen-3-ol, a banana slug antifeedant from mushrooms . In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology . tape 29 , no. 5 , 2001, p. 531-533 , doi : 10.1016 / S0305-1978 (00) 00076-4 (English, PMID 11274773 ).
- ↑ Bettina Haberl, Thomas Zilker: Mehläsling (Clitopilus prunulus). (No longer available online.) In: Pilzdatenbank. Toxicological Department of the 2nd Medical Clinic of the Technical University of Munich, 2000, archived from the original on May 22, 2011 ; Retrieved May 28, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Miron Elisha Hard: The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise . Its Habitat and its Time of Growth. Press of the new Franklin Printing Company, Columbus, Ohio 1908, Clitopilus prunulus. Scop., S. 248 (English, gutenberg.org ).
- ↑ Franz Bley, H. Berdrow: Botanical picture book for young and old . Bibliographische Anstalt, Adolph Schumann, Leipzig 1897, p. 44 ( File: Bley, Botanical Picture Book 44.jpg ).
