Michał Drzymała

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Michał Drzymała's tombstone in Miasteczko Krajeńskie , Poland
Michał Drzymała with his car in Grodzisk Wielkopolski , 1908

Listen to Michał Drzymała ? / i (born September 13, 1857 in the village and manor Zdroj near Grätz in the district of Grätz , Posen province ; † April 25, 1937 in Grabówno near Miasteczko Krajeńskie ( Friedheim ), Poland ) was a Polish farmer who became a symbol of Polish residents in the " Battle for the soil ”in the Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia . Audio file / audio sample

1905 bought a plot of land in the village Drzymała Kaiser Trust , Circle Bomst , Posen and applied for planning permission for a new house.

The Prussian authorities prevented the construction project . The basis was the recently amended “Law on the establishment of new settlements”, which is used to prevent the further settlement of non-resident Poles in the Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia.

Drzymała therefore lived in old outbuildings, but the authorities forbade him to operate a fireplace there.

Drzymała then bought a discarded, heated circus wagon and settled there with his family. In order to circumvent the building regulations, he regularly moved the car slightly within the property. That brought him a great stir in Poland, which was then divided into three parts . Soon a new caravan financed by donations was purchased. After several years of constant legal disputes, however, Drzymała had to surrender and sell the property again in 1909.

With the donations he was able to buy a courtyard and residential building in a neighboring village, because the settlement law did not apply to existing buildings. He later left the province of Poznan and moved to Galicia .

His second car was brought to Cracow , exhibited in the Cracow Rondell in 1910 , and sold for scrapping in 1922. Several replicas were made later and each exhibited as authentic. The rumor was also circulated that the original car had been destroyed by the German National Socialists in 1939.

After the First World War , Drzymała was resettled by the re-established Polish state in Grabówno in Greater Poland and given an honorary pension.

In honor of Drzymałas the village Podgradowice ( Podgradowitz, Kaisertreu ) was renamed Drzymałowo after his death.

The Polish city of Rakoniewice has erected a monument to Drzymała: a replica of his car is on the market square there.

literature

  • Zbigniew Dworzecki: Michał Drzymała 1857-1937 . Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, Poznań 1988, ISBN 83-03-02308-X .
  • Martin Sprungala: The life of the Polish "hero" Michel Drzymała (1857–1937) , in: Yearbook Weichsel-Warthe 2007, Wiesbaden 2006, pp. 152–161.
  • Norman Davies : In the Heart of Europe - History of Poland . Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-46709-1 .

Web links

Commons : Michał Drzymała  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Law on the establishment of new settlements in the provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Posen, Silesia, Saxony and Westphalia. August 10, 1904 (GS p. 227), online @ digitalesammlungen.uni-weimar.de, accessed December 15, 2018
  2. ↑ “... Overall, the Polish population in the Province of Poznan is even increasing slightly to almost 60 percent. The settlement policy of the Prussian government has failed. In the early summer of 1904 she tried to put a stop to the building activity of her Polish-speaking citizens by means of an amendment to the law ... he bought it, but of course he did not get a permit to build a house ... " With cunning and law DeutschlandRadio Berlin 2004, accessed 15th December 2018
  3. ↑ "... That's why he now lives in a pigsty or in a barn. And here a fight broke out with the authorities over a small stove because he wants to heat and cook ... “ With cunning and law DeutschlandRadio Berlin 2004, accessed December 15, 2018
  4. ↑ ... Drzymała appeals to the district president in Poznan against the ban and finally sued the Royal Prussian Higher Administrative Court in Berlin. That was ultimately decided in May 1909 ... Michał Drzymała was right by ruling on the car: 'It is a means of transport, but not a building in the sense of the building code ...' On the other hand, the settlement amendment of 1904, in which only Dwellings are being talked about, on Drzymała's wagon, in which it interprets: 'This was not intended to allow every other type of residential settlement, rather, according to the intent of the law, the authorization stipulated therein is also required where a ... dwelling ... is procured in a way other than through structures. ' Drzymała is definitely not allowed to settle on his property. Neither in the barn nor in his trailer. With List und Gesetz DeutschlandRadio Berlin 2004, accessed December 15, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Drzymała, Michał
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish farmer, a symbol of the peaceful Polish resistance
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Zdroj near Grätz
DATE OF DEATH April 25, 1937
Place of death Grabówno at Miasteczko Krajeńskie