Michaelskirche (Salzburg)

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View from Residenzplatz

The Roman Catholic St. Michaels Church , a branch church in honor of the Archangel Michael (September 29), belongs to the St. Peter monastery and is the oldest church in the city of Salzburg that still exists today . It is located between Waagplatz and Residenzplatz in Salzburg's old town .
Before the middle of the 17th century, the long transverse building on the east side of the church was a so-called Schranne , a common sales point, here the baker for bread. The Trakl family later lived on the first floor, Georg Trakl spent his childhood and youth here, while his father Tobias Trakl ran a hardware store on the ground floor. The property with the address Waagplatz 3 has been used as a café since 1925 .

history

The origins of the church go back to the Carolingian era. In the north side, which is now fully built, five Roman reliefs have been built in, another relief with Dionysus and Ariadne and two sarcophagus fragments are now in the Salzburg Museum .

The Michaelskirche first served the Agilolfingers as a palatine chapel . It was built next to the Bavarian Palatinate , the ducal administrative seat of the Agilolfingers and the oldest court seat in the city, called Schranne .

From around 780 until the 12th century, the Michaelskirche was at the same time the imperial palatine chapel and the parish church of the citizens. Consequently, it had two entrances and two completely separate floors. The upper floor was intended for the emperor and his entourage and had direct access from the adjacent imperial palace. (The last remnant of this palace is the Romanesque Hall , Waagplatz 4, from the 12th century). The lower floor with its entrance from the market square was intended for the citizens of the city. After relocating the old market square and later the seat of the court, the little church was no longer the focus of bourgeois life in the later Middle Ages. In 1189 the parish was transferred to the Church of Our Lady (later the Franciscan Church) , and in 1635 to the cathedral .

The church was subsequently rebuilt several times. This was last done in 1767–1778 on behalf of Abbot Beda Seeauer, where it was redesigned to reflect the taste of the time. At that time (1770), the rococo stucco work of the vaults and the window frames, created by Benedikt Zöpf . The frescoes in the stucco-framed picture windows are by Franz Xaver König . They represent the coronation of Mary, the Archangel Michael and a choir of angels, worshiping the name of God. The delicate, large lunette grid of the church was created in 1771 by Philipp Hinterseer .

Altars

The altars are made of Untersberger and Adnet marble , as are the dining grids and other furnishings. Today's high altar dates from the middle of the 17th century and was modified by Johann Högler in 1770. The altar panel, which was created around 1650, shows a fall from hell : Archangel Michael overthrows Lucifer (here: Satan ). The upper picture with St. Benedict was added in 1770.

The side altars were also designed by Johann Högler around 1770, with the altarpieces each by Franz Xaver König . The left side altarpiece shows the Annunciation (by the angel Gabriel ), the excerpt tondo Simon Petrus . In the right picture of the side altar, the archangel Raphael can be seen with Tobias , in the tondo above Paul of Tarsus .

At the end of the interior restoration (2015), those responsible had an ambo (since then on the epistle side ) and a people's altar , which are designed to be transparent. On September 28, 2015, this altar was consecrated by Archabbot Korbinian (Dr. Korbinian Birnbacher OSB) .

crib

During the high church holidays, a small work of art can be admired in the church: a large box nativity scene behind a glass wall. It shows biblical scenes according to the year cycle: Annunciation of the angel, search for a hostel, Jesus' birth, adoration of the kings, flight into Egypt, last supper, crucifixion, death and resurrection of Jesus can all be viewed. This nativity scene is based on the spirit of the Baroque and its diverse traditions. The first such nativity scenes have existed in Salzburg since the end of the 16th century. The concrete nativity figures of this church were created in 1950 by the cloister porter brother Pius Hochreiter and the Salzburg nativity scene artist Josef Klampfer in memory of earlier customs.

organ

The organ comes from Johann Rochus Egedacher , who installed it in 1770 with four registers. In 1974/75 it was restored by Herbert Gollini under the artistic advice of Gerhard Croll (Salzburg) and Hans Nadler (Bregenz) , whereby he had to reconstruct the registers Copel 8 ', Flute 4' and Octave 2 ', since only the prospectus Register Principal 4 'was preserved.

  • Michaelskirche

  • View from Mozartplatz

  • Altars

  • Popular altar and ambo from 2015

  • Rochus Egedacher organ

  • Franz Xaver König : Adoration of the name of God by the Archangel Michael and the nine choirs of angels by Franz Xaver König 1770 soul scales and flaming sword .

literature

  • Friedrich Breitinger / Kurt Weinkamer / Gerda Dohle: craftsmen, brewers, landlords and traders . Salzburg's commercial economy during Mozart's time, ed. by the “Franz Triendl Foundation” of the Salzburg Chamber of Commerce and the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , at the same time: Communications from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, 27th supplementary volume, Salzburg 2009.
  • Lieselotte von Eltz-Hoffmann: The churches of Salzburg. Verlag Anton Pustet, Salzburg 1993, ISBN 3-7025-0308-0 , p. OA
  • Lieselotte von Eltz-Hoffmann: The nativity scene of the Michaelskirche - testimony to Salzburg art and piety . In: Bastei , magazine for the preservation and care of buildings, culture and society, 54th year, 4th episode, Salzburg 2005, pp. 19–22.
  • Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 .
  • Gerhard Walterskirchen: Organs and Organ Builders in Salzburg from the Middle Ages to the Present . Contributions to 700 years of organ building in the city of Salzburg. Dissertation University of Salzburg 1982.
  • Michaelskirche , salzburg.info
  • St. Michael's Church . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Personnel status of the world and religious clergy of the Archdiocese of Salzburg for 1957 (Schematismus 1957), ed. from the Archbishop's Office in Salzburg 1957, p. 135.
  2. ↑ Why the Waagplatz was called the Alter Brodmarkt at that time . Compare: Friedrich Breitinger / Kurt Weinkammer / Gerda Dohle: craftsmen, brewers, landlords and traders . Salzburg's commercial economy during Mozart's time, Salzburg 2009, p. 156.
  3. ^ Gerhard Walterskirchen: Organ spring in Salzburg . In: Singende Kirche , Vol. 22 (1974/75), No. 3, p. 134.

Web links

Commons : Michaelskirche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '56 "  N , 13 ° 2' 49"  E