Mindana hornbird
| Mindana hornbird | ||||||||||
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Mindanaohornvogel, Walsrode World Bird Park |
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| Aceros leucocephalus | ||||||||||
| ( Vieillot , 1816) |
The Mindana hornbill ( Aceros leucocephalus ) is a species of bird from the hornbill family that occurs exclusively on the Philippine islands. The systematic classification of this bird species is still unclear. It is traditionally classified in the genus Aceros . However, Avibase currently assigns it to the genus Rhyticeros , while the IUCN puts it in the new genus Rhabdotorrhinus .
The population situation of the Mindana hornbird was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Near Threatened (NT) ” = “potentially endangered”.
Appearance
The Mindana hornbill is a medium-sized hornbill. The male's tail is an average of 23.6 centimeters, while the female's beak is slightly smaller at 22.2 centimeters. The beak of the male is on average 14.5 centimeters long, that of the female is on average one centimeter shorter. The sexual dimorphism is hardly pronounced in this species.
Appearance of the male
The crown and the rear neck are dark brown, the body and the wings are black, with the plumage on the top of the body shimmering metallic. The face, front neck, and front chest are white. The breast appears cream-colored in many individuals due to discoloration with the rump oil.
The body plumage is predominantly black. The adult male has a white head and neck. The tail is white with a black tip. The beak is red, on the basal half of the lower beak it is furrowed blue and black. The beak horn is high and narrow and ends abruptly in the middle of the beak. The bare skin around the eye and the large, bare throat pouch are bright orange. The eyes are red, the legs and feet are black.
Features of the female and young birds
The adult females have a body plumage that is largely similar to that of the males. However, the female is smaller and has a beak horn that, unlike the male, is not bent. The beak furrows on the lower beak are brown, not black and blue as in the male. The beak is also a little paler overall. The head and neck are completely black feathered.
In the young birds, both sexes initially show a body plumage that resembles the male. The beak horn is not yet developed, the beak is lighter than that of the adult female. The beak furrows are still missing. The featherless skin of the face is bright yellow, but paler than that of the males. The eyes are blue-gray. The legs and feet are still gray.
Possible confusion
In the range of the Mindanao hornbird there is also the fire hornbill , which is similar in body plumage to that of the Mindanao hornbird. The fire hornbill, however, is significantly larger, the beak has a yellowish tip, the tail does not have a black end band. The plumage is brownish. The Mindanao Tariktikhorn , on the other hand, is significantly smaller than the Mindanao hornbill. This hornbill species has a dark tail and beak. The male also has a light underside of the body.
Distribution area and habitat
The Mindanao hornbill occurs on the Philippine island of Mindanao and the adjacent islands of Camiguin Island and Dinagat . He is also said to occasionally visit the island of Siargao . It lives on these islands mainly in evergreen rainforests below 1000 meters above sea level. Compared to other Philippine islands, Mindanao still has sufficient forest areas to sustain a population. On the smaller islands of Tuesday, Siargao or Camiguin, however, this has largely disappeared, which contributes to the endangerment situation of this species.
Way of life
The Mindana hornbird lives solitary, in pairs or in small flocks of four to six birds. However, up to 37 individuals can congregate in abundant fruit-bearing trees. Even in such large flocks the bond between two mated birds remains and they usually leave such flocks in pairs. Occasionally, Mindana hornbills are also associated with fire hornbills. They then look for food together, fly into feeding grounds together and rest together.
The Mindana hornbird prefers to stay in the upper canopy of tall trees. Its diet consists largely of fruits. The significance of animal food has not yet been clarified. The reproductive biology of this species has not yet been conclusively investigated either.
literature
- W. Grummt , H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-8171-1636-2 .
- Alan Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-857729-X .
Web links
- Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus in endangered species red list of the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Accessed November 1, 2016th
Single receipts
- ↑ Avibase on the Mindanao Hornbill , accessed November 19, 2016
- ↑ a b c Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus in endangered species red list of the IUCN 2016. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on 3 October 2017th
- ↑ a b Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 221.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 222.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 223.