Tuna mackerel
| Tuna mackerel | ||||||||||||
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Tuna mackerel ( Scomber colias ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scomber colias | ||||||||||||
| Gmelin , 1789 |
The tuna mackerel ( Scomber colias ), also called Mediterranean mackerel or bladder mackerel , is a type of mackerel that occurs in the Atlantic and its tributaries .
It used to be placed in the genus Pneumatophorus , which is no longer in use today (the so-called species are now placed in the genus Scomber ). In addition, it was often listed as a subspecies of Japanese mackerel as Pneumatophorus japonicus colias . This gave rise to various synonyms such as Pneumatophorus colias , Pneumatophorus japonicus colias and Scomber japonicus colias .
features
The tuna mackerel is overall smaller than the common mackerel , mostly it does not exceed a length of 35 centimeters. The eyes are larger than those of Scomber scombrus , as are the breast scales. The body drawing is characteristic. While the metal-blue back is marked with dark wavy lines well below the sideline , the light flanks and the belly are covered with irregularly shaped, gray-blue spots. The body is torpedo-shaped and slender. The first dorsal fin consists of 8 hard rays . The second dorsal fin and the anal fin are concave, the approaches of both are roughly one above the other. The caudal fin is deeply split and homocerk . Above and below between the caudal fin and the anal or second dorsal fin are each 5 flippers. The pelvic fins are on the chest. The pectoral fins, which are high up behind the gill covers, taper to a point. There are many small teeth in the terminal mouth. She also has a swim bladder . So-called fat eyelids are in front of the eyes.
Distribution, habitat and biology
The tuna mackerel inhabits the temperate, tropical and subtropical coasts on both sides of the Atlantic. In the east it occurs from the Bay of Biscay to the Cape of Good Hope , in the west from the east coast of the United States to the mouth of the Río de la Plata . It is also found in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean, as well as off many islands in the Atlantic. Occasionally it can also be found in brackish water . It is a pelagic schooling fish . Various planktonic creatures, such as copepods, belong to their food spectrum .
meaning
The tuna mackerel is not as economically important as Scomber scombrus . In the Mediterranean area it is often offered in quantities similar to that of mackerel, in Madeira it is one of the most commercially important fish.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Bernhard Grzimek : Grzimeks animal life . Kindler, Zurich 1970.
- ^ A b Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen: Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date (= FAO Species Catalog. Vol. 2 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol. 2). United Nations Development Program et al., Rome 1983, ISBN 92-5-101381-0 , ( complete edition ).
- ^ Scomber colias on Fishbase.org (English).
- ^ Joan Vasconcelos, Manuel Afonso Dias, Graça Faria: Age and growth of the Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 off Madeira Island. In: Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences. No. 28, 2011, ISSN 0873-4704 , pp. 57-70, ( digital version (PDF; 757.61 KB), ( Memento from November 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive )).
Web links
- Scomber colias on Fishbase.org (English)
- Scomber colias onthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . 2. Posted by: Collette, B., Amorim, AF, Boustany, A., Carpenter, KE, de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Fredou, FL, Graves, J., Viera Hazin, FH, Juan Jorda, M., Kada, O., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Teixeira Lessa, RP & Pires Ferreira Travassos, PE, 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2014.