Model houses in Eppingen
The model houses in Eppingen , a town in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg , are houses that were built according to model plans from 1783 until the end of the 19th century. All model houses are now a listed building .
prehistory
Durlach
During the War of the Palatinate Succession from 1688 to 1697, many towns and villages in what is now northern Baden were destroyed by French troops. In 1689, the Baden residential town of Durlach was burned down. After the end of the war, Margrave Friedrich VII issued regulations on how the reconstruction - especially of Durlach - should take place. The court architect Thomas Lefèvre designed model plans for the new buildings, which were no longer to be constructed as half-timbered houses , as they were quickly destroyed in fire disasters.
Eppingen
At the end of the 18th century, a lot of building activity began in Eppingen to expand the city, which now took place along the arterial roads (Brettener Strasse, Adelshofener Strasse and Rappenauer Strasse). In 1803 Eppingen came to the state of Baden , and in 1813 it became the seat of the Eppingen district office . It is therefore not surprising that model houses based on Durlach's model were built throughout the 19th century. A total of 37 model houses can be counted on four streets during this time.
Model house types
In the 19th century, Eppingen was strongly characterized by agriculture, which is why predominantly rural model houses were built that had to meet the needs of working and living in one unit. It is initially surprising that no model house type was created for the needs of a craftsman . The relatively few craftsmen were able to continue their craft in the narrow old town of Eppingen , and for the farmers, the new construction of model farms was a form of resettler farms of the 19th century. At the same time, the relatively uniform street sides of the model houses shaped the cityscape for a long time.
Farmhouse
All rural model houses are two-story and have a large courtyard gate. The number of axes , usually four to seven, varies; depending on how rich the farmer was and how big the entire facility should be. The courtyards meet like row houses and were partly built as double systems.
The layout of the courtyards of the model houses in Eppingen is influenced by the Franconian three-sided courtyard . The house always faces the street on the eaves side , and behind it stands the stable building perpendicular to it. The large barn is parallel to the house. The courtyard, surrounded on three sides by buildings, is separated from the neighboring property on the fourth side by a wall. The neighboring courtyard is usually a mirror image. Very often, are located in the courtyard side first floor of the house and the barn balconies that for drying the laundry, wood, corn and tobacco were used.
Residential and commercial building
Brettener Straße, also called Brettener Vorstadt, became Eppingen's main shopping street in the course of the 19th century. It is therefore not surprising that four model houses were built here that were used as residential and commercial buildings. They are three-story and offer enough space on the ground floor for the shop and the warehouse in the rear area.
Bourgeois residential building
Of the four streets on which the model houses are located, Brettener Strasse has the greatest variety of house shapes: half-timbered houses, rural model houses and sandstone shops built around 1900 belonging to the very well represented Jewish merchants (see Jewish community in Eppingen ). Three bourgeois houses were built as model houses in Brettener Strasse and two in Kaiserstrasse. In Kaiserstraße and its side streets, the so-called administrative district, where the schools, the Protestant church, the new synagogue and other public facilities were built in the second half of the 19th century , the model houses fall out of the overall concept of this district.
guest houses
Two guest houses were built in the form of model houses in Eppingen. 1797 the Gasthaus Zur Palme at Rappenauer Straße 10, the parent house of the Palmbräu brewery , which is more like a farmhouse. The Gasthaus Zur Sonne , built in 1812 at Brettener Straße 34 and demolished a few years ago, had nine axes, a large courtyard entrance and was also used as a hotel and residential building.
Mixed forms
The first model house from 1783, at Brettener Straße 38, is a late Baroque craftsman and farm house with a large arched door made of local sandstone. The house with a mansard roof is an exception because of its mixed use.
List of model houses in Eppingen
Adelshofener Strasse
- No. 8: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1805
- No. 10: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1807
- No. 12: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1809
- No. 12a: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1809
- No. 13: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1842
- No. 14: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1807
- No. 15: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1851
- No. 16: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1810
Brettener Strasse
- No. 14/16: residential and commercial building (duplex) from 1848
- No. 20: House (three-storey) from 1848
- No. 24: residential and commercial building (three-storey) from 1849
- No. 26: Residential and commercial building from 1848
- No. 34: Gasthaus Zur Sonne and residential house (two-story) from 1812, demolished
- No. 38: Craftsman's and farmhouse (two-storey) from 1783
- No. 40: House (two-storey) from 1830
- No. 42: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1852
- No. 44: House (two-storey) from 1911
- No. 51: Commercial and residential building (two-story) from 1812
- No. 60: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1822
- No. 62: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1838
- No. 79: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1849
- No. 81: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1864
- No. 83: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1874
- No. 85: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1900
- No. 87: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1850
- No. 87a: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1850
- No. 89: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1898
Kaiserstrasse
- No. 11: House (two-story) from 1873
- No. 13: House (two-story) from 1871
Rappenauer Strasse
- No. 8a: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1793
- No. 10: Gasthaus zur Palme (two-storey) from 1797
- No. 12: Farmhouse (two-storey) from 1802
- No. 20: House (two-storey) from 1775
- No. 22: Farmhouse (?) (Two-story) from 1830
- No. 42: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1873
- No. 43: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1798
- No. 45: Farmhouse (two-story) from 1798
See also
literature
- Edmund Kiehnle : Model houses in Eppingen . In: Around the Ottilienberg. Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area . Volume 1. Heimatfreunde Eppingen , Eppingen 1979, pp. 148-154.
- Edmund Kiehnle: Preservation of monuments and the cultural monuments in Eppingen city . In: Around the Ottilienberg. Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area . Volume 3. Heimatfreunde Eppingen, Eppingen 1985, pp. 439-478.
- Heinrich Vogel: model houses . In: Half-timbered town of Eppingen. A tour of the old town . First edition 1993, second edition 1997. Published by the city and half-timbered museum “Old University” in Eppingen. Verlag Alte Uni, Eppingen, ISBN 3-926315-11-3 , pp. 60-62.
Web links
- W. Thiem: Monument conservation value plan for the entire Eppingen complex . Regional Council Stuttgart, Department for Monument Preservation, 2008. ( as pdf )