Moenkhausia

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Moenkhausia
from top to bottom: Moenkhausia oligolepis, M. ovalis, M. megalops and M. barbouri, illustration from "The American Characidae" by Carl H. Eigenmann

from top to bottom: Moenkhausia oligolepis, M. ovalis, M. megalops and M. barbouri , illustration from "The American Characidae" by Carl H. Eigenmann

Systematics
Cohort : Otomorpha
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Otophysa
Order : Tetras (Characiformes)
Family : True tetras (Characidae)
Genre : Moenkhausia
Scientific name
Moenkhausia
Eigenmann , 1903

Moenkhausia is a genus from the family of the true tetras (Characidae). The genre was established in 1903 by Carl H. Eigenmann , who assigned the genre in honor of his friend WJ Moenkhaus. Moenkhausia species are widespread in South America. Especially the brilliant tetra and the roach Moenkhausia are often kept freshwater ornamental fish .

features

The genus combines a large number of very different tetra with relatively high back as well as with elongated, spindle-shaped shape. Moenkhausia species become 3.4 cm to 10 cm long. The sideline is complete (with the exception of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae ) and runs straight or only slightly curved downwards. The caudal fin base is scaled like in Hemigrammus , the scales on the caudal fin base are smaller than the scales on the rest of the body. An adipose fin is present. The maxillary is usually occupied by three teeth, which are immediately behind the premaxillary-maxillary junction. Some species are also toothless. In the males of some species, e.g. B. in the brilliant tetra, the dorsal and anal fins are enlarged.

Way of life

Moenkhausia species are schooling fish from the middle water regions. Some species are said to be territorial at times. They do not care for the brood, but release their spawn as free spawners in fine-feathered aquatic plants or directly below the surface of the water.

Moenkhausia agnesae
Moenkhausia browni
Moenkhausia ceros
Moenkhausia collettii
Moenkhausia copei
Moenkhausia cf. dichroura
undefined Moenkhausia species

species

Today around 80 species are counted in the genus, which, however, is polyphyletic :

Moenkhausia comma-chrysargyrea - species complex , high-backed species with numerous horizontal rows of scales, a similar coloration, a similar number of branched anal fin rays and bony cusps on the fins of adult males.

Brilliant tetra ( M. pittieri )

Moenkhausia grandisquamis species complex, high-backed species with relatively few horizontal rows of scales

Moenkhausia grandisquamis

Moenkhausia jamesi-justae - species complex , species with a short maxillary , a dark spot between the fourth and seventh scales on the lateral line and an oval, vertically aligned dark spot on the base of the caudal fin.

Moenkhausia lepidura species complex, species with a slender trunk, relatively few horizontal rows of scales, a dark spot in the upper caudal fin lobe and a transparent lower caudal fin lobe.

Moenkhausia cf. lepidura

Moenkhausia oligolepis species complex, species with a reticulate mark formed by dark scales, a vertical dark spot on the caudal peduncle and in many cases deep red eyes.

Roach Moenkhausia ( M. sanctaefilomenae )

literature

  • Günther Sterba (Ed.), Gert Brückner: Encyclopedia of Aquaristics and Special Ichthyology. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9 .
  • Axel Zarske: Moenkhausia. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , pp. 656-658.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tatiane C. Mariguela, Ricardo C. Benine, Kelly T. Abe, Gleisy S. Avelino, Claudio Oliveira: Molecular phylogeny of Moenkhausia (Characidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, May 2013, DOI: 10.1111 / jzs.12025
  2. ↑ a b c Leandro M. Sousa, André L. Netto-Ferreira and José LO Birindelli: Two new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Northern Brazil Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (2): 255- 264, 2010
  3. ↑ Vinicius A Bertaco, Paulo HF Lucinda, Paulo HF Lucinda: Moenkhausia pankilopteryx , new species from rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characiformes, Characidae) . Zootaxa . 02/2006; 1120 (1120): 57-68.
  4. ↑ Marina G. Petrolli, Ricardo C. Benine: Description of three new species of Moenkhausia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with the definition of the Moenkhausia jamesi species complex. Zootaxa , 3986 (4): 401-420, DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3986.4.1
  5. ↑ Manoela Maria Ferreira Marinho: Análise filogenética e revisão taxonômica as espécies de Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 do grupo M. Lepidura (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) dissertation
  6. ↑ Marinho, MMF & Langeani, F. (2016): Reconciling more than 150 years of taxonomic confusion: the true identity of Moenkhausia lepidura , with a key to the species of the M. lepidura group (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 4107 (3): 338-352. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4107.3.3
  7. ↑ Ricardo C. Benine; Tatiane C. Mariguela; Claudio Oliveira: New species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Characidae) with comments on the Moenkhausia oligolepis species complex. Neotropical Ichthyology, vol.7 no.2 Porto Alegre Apr. \ June 2009, DOI: 10.1590 / S1679-62252009000200005

Web links

Commons : Moenkhausia  - collection of images, videos and audio files