Hemigrammus

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Hemigrammus
Light tetra (Hemigrammus erythrozonus)

Light tetra ( Hemigrammus erythrozonus )

Systematics
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Otophysa
Order : Tetras (Characiformes)
Family : True tetras (Characidae)
Subfamily : Stethaprioninae
Genre : Hemigrammus
Scientific name
Hemigrammus
Gill , 1858

Hemigrammus ( Greek hemi "half", gramme "line": "with half a lateral line ") is a genus of tropical freshwater fish from the family of the true tetras . The fish native to northern and central South America are comparatively small and school -forming .

features

Hemigrammus species become two to ten centimeters long. Your body is elongated, different heights and flattened on the sides. The dorsal fin is short and the anal fin is long. Both are pointed at the front. An adipose fin is present. The caudal fin is bilobed. In contrast to the species of the genus Hyphessobrycon , with which there is also a close relationship, the species of the genus Hemigrammus are scaled at the base of the caudal fin . In addition, the genera differ in their teeth.

species

Goldstrich Glass Tetra ( H. elegans )
Green neon ( H. hyanuary )
Blutschwanzsalmler ( H. stictus )
Flag tetra ( H. ulreyi )
Taillight Tetra ( H. ocellifer )
Karfunkelsalmler ( H. pulcher )

Hemigrammus lunatus species group; a dark longitudinal band that runs through the eyes and a black line at the base of the anal fin.

Hemigrammus ocellifer species group; one or two shoulder spots, a tail-root spot and a longitudinal ligament.

Bleher's red head tetra ( Petitella bleheri )

The Rotmaulsalmler and Bleher's Rotkopfsalmler , both placed in the genus Hemigrammus when first described, now belong to Petitella .

Aquaristics

The peaceful animals are mostly ideal for keeping in aquariums . They mostly prefer a rather soft, slightly acidic water. The beautiful colors of most animals come into their own against a dark substrate.

literature

  • Günther Sterba (Ed.), Gert Brückner: Encyclopedia of Aquaristics and Special Ichthyology. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9 .
  • Günther Sterba: The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
  • Axel Zarske: Hemigrammus. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , pp. 460-466.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WM Ohara, FCT Lima: 'Moenkhausia uirapuru.' a new species from the upper rio Guaporé, Chapada dos Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Teleostei: Characidae). In: Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 26 (2), 2015, pp. 159–170.
  2. ↑ Lima, FCT, Urbano-Bonilla, A. & Prada-Pedreros, S .: A new Hemigrammus from the upper Río Vaupés, Colombia (Characiformes: Characidae), with a discussion on the presence of an enlarged urogenital papilla in the family. Journal of Fish Biology, January 2020. doi: 10.1111 / jfb.14267
  3. ↑ Rafaela P. Ota, Flávio CT Lima, Carla S. Pavanelli: A new species of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Madeira and rio Paraguai basins, with a redescription of H. lunatus. In: Neotrop. ichthyol. vol. 12, no.2, Porto Alegre April / June 2014. doi: 10.1590 / 1982-0224-20130176
  4. ↑ A. Zarske: Hemigrammus rubrostriatus spec. nov. - a new tetra from Colombia and revalidation of Hemigrammus falsus Meinken, 1958 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characidae. In: Vertebrate Zoology. 65 (1), 2015, pp. 3-14.
  5. ↑ Bittencourt, PS, Machado, VN, Marshall, BG, Hrbek, T. & Farias, IP (2020): Phylogenetic relationships of the neon tetras Paracheirodon spp. (Characiformes: Characidae: Stethaprioninae), including comments on Petitella georgiae and Hemigrammus bleheri. Neotropical Ichthyology, 18 (2): [1-11]. doi: 10.1590 / 1982-0224-2019-0109

Web links

Commons : Hemigrammus  - collection of images, videos and audio files