Molises Slavs

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Molise Croats ( moliseslawisch Zlav , outdated and Škavun ), also Molisekroaten ( kroat. Moliški hrvati ), are an ethnic minority in the Italian region of Molise , the vast majority in the villages of Acquaviva ( Kruc ) Montemitro ( Mundimitar ) and San Felice del Molise ( Štifilić ) settles. In Italy the population is known as the minoranza Croata ("Croatian minority"). In the first two localities it forms the majority of the population. There are around 1,700 Molise Slavonic speakers.

In the 18th and 19th centuries it was assumed that the ancestors of today's Moliseslawen immigrated in the 13th century. However, based on historical and linguistic arguments, it is now assumed that the migration took place around 1500. The area of ​​emigration of the migrants at the time is controversial: the majority of researchers accept Istria as the source region, but there are also voices that favor the Dalmatian hinterland of the Neretva region in Herzegovina as the region of origin.

Population development in the villages inhabited by Moliseslawen according to ISTAT data

For a long time the Molises Slavs in Italy did not enjoy any official minority status and, apart from the World Wide Web , they have no mass media vehicles. "Croatian" ( il croato ) has been recognized as a minority language in the province of Molise since mid-1997 .

The population in the three villages inhabited by Moliseslawen has been declining for decades; a large number of Molises Slavs have emigrated to Argentina and Western Australia in particular. On the Croatian side, affiliation to Croatianism is propagated, which is largely accepted in Montemitro, but does not bear fruit in Acquaviva. Although their linguistic conservatism was emphasized in 1913, the Molises Slavs are bilingual today and also speak Italian .

In September 1884, Risto Kovačić , a member of the Serbian Society of the Educated ( Srpsko uceno drustvo ), professor of Slavic Studies at the University of Rome, examined the Slavic-speaking community in Molise, which has about 4,000 inhabitants. Kovačić described that the Moliseslawen used the name Slavi Serbi and spoke an older Serbian dialect. They also practiced the custom of Badnjak , which is typical for Orthodox Serbs , in which an oak branch or a young oak is cut and burned at Christmas. Portraits of King Milan Obrenović and his wife Natalie, Petar II. Petrović-Njegoš ', Dositej Obradovićs , Vuk Karadžićs and Branko Radičevićs were in the houses of wealthy Molise heirs . However, only elderly people speak the Serbian language.

swell

  1. ^ Konrad Clewing, Oliver Jens Schmitt: Geschichte Südosteuropas. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2012, p. 165.
  2. ↑ a b c d Breu, Walter (2004): “ Moliseslawisch ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 119 kB) “, Lexicon of the Languages ​​of the European East , edited by M. Okuka, Klagenfurt: Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, pp. 315–317, 315. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwwg.uni-klu.ac.at
  3. ↑ a b c Research Center of Multilingualism ( Universitat Oberta de Catalunya ): Le croate en Italie , < http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/croat/fr/i2/i2.html >, last access : June 28, 2007.
  4. ↑ Breu, Walter (2004): “ Moliseslawisch ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 119 kB) “, Lexicon of the Languages ​​of the European East , edited by M. Okuka, Klagenfurt: Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, pp. 315–317, 316. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwwg.uni-klu.ac.at
  5. ↑ Breu, Walter (2004): “ Moliseslawisch ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 119 kB) ”, Lexicon of the Languages ​​of the European East , edited by M. Okuka, Klagenfurt: Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, pp. 315-317, 315. Toso, Fiorenzo et al .:“ Schede sulle minoranze tutelate dalla Legge 482/1999 ( Memento of the original dated February 23, 2010 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. “, < Http://web.uniud.it/cip/min_tutelate_scheda.htm >, last accessed: June 28, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwwg.uni-klu.ac.at
     @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web.uniud.it
  6. ↑ a b Slavic Studies at the University of Konstanz : " Statistics ", < http://www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Philo/Sprachwiss/slavistik/acqua/statistik.htm >, last access: June 28, 2007.
  7. ^ Province of Molise: Legge Regionale No. 15 ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Campobasso: Regione Molise. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web.uniud.it
  8. ↑ Churchill, William (1913): " Review of the Serbo-Croatian Colonies of Southern Italy by Milan Resetar ", Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 45 (4): 303f.
  9. ↑ Risto Kovačić: Srpske naseobine u Južnoj Italiji , Glasnik Srpskog učenog društva 62, 1885th

literature

  • Aranza, Josip (1892): “Where did the southern Slavic colonies in southern Italy come from?” Archive for Slavic Philology 14: 78–82.
  • Breu, Walter (2017): Moliseslavic texts from Acquaviva Collecroce, Montemitro and San Felice del Molise (= Slavic micro-languages ​​in absolute language contact, part 1). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, ISBN 978-3-447-10865-2
  • Heršak, Emil (1982): Hrvati u talijanskoj pokrajini Molise , Teme o iseljeništvu. br. 11, Zagreb: Centar za istraživanje migracija, 1982, 49 str. lit 16.
  • Kovačić, Risto (1885): Srpske naseobine u Južnoj Italiji , Glasnik Srpskog učenog društva 62, 1885.
  • Vesna Kukvica (2005): Iseljenički horizonti , Prikazi i feljtoni (ur .: Željka Lovrenčić), Hrvatska matica iseljenika, Zagreb, ISBN 953-6525-37-2 , article "Migracije Moliških Hrvata u Zapadnu Australiju" (Migrations Western Australia)
  • Rešetar, Milan (1911): The Serbo-Croatian Colonies of Southern Italy . Vienna: Holder. (= Writings of the Balkan Commission, Linguistic Department / Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vol. 9: 1, South Slavic Dialect Studies; H. 5).

Web links