Mining Science

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As mining sciences (partly Montanistik and Mont property called synonymous sciences Berg (construction) or Mining Engineering ) is in Austria the doctrine of mining (in the broad sense, including tunnel / gallery construction, rock / Gesteinsbau), mine surveying , metallurgy , the Processing and mineralogy are the knowledge and techniques that deal with the finding of raw materials in the earth's crust , the cheap operation of minesand the smelting of ores as well as basic and applied research on construction activities below the ground . In some cases, aspects of the secondary sector (processing industry ) are also the subject of the mining scientist.

History of the discipline

The term goes back to the root word montan , which in turn comes from the Latin word mons for ' mountain '. It is placed in front of numerous terms relating to mining and metallurgy.

Montanistik has its roots next to settlement and road construction in the mountains, which probably goes back to the beginnings of culture, and mining on natural resources , which leads from the first to stone picking from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age , especially in the two military ones Specialties of the miners and sappers as part of the pioneer troop , whose tasks included the construction of fortifications in difficult terrain as well as the siege technology of the same. Specialists in these branches of service have been proven since ancient times .

Mining science has been a separate scientific discipline in Europe since the High Middle Ages . The main features were:

• Ulrich Rülein von Calw (1465–1523), author of the first printed work on mining sciences, A useful Bergbüchlin
• the geoscientist and mineralogist Georgius Agricola (1494–1555), he is considered the father of modern mining sciences,
• the economist and Freiberg mining captain Friedrich Anton von Heynitz (1725–1802), the founder of the Bergakademie Freiberg , and
• the South Tyrol / Styrian mining pioneer Peter Ritter von Tunner (1809–1897), to whom the Montan University Leoben goes back.

Departments

As a mining engineer, one can specialize in different fields - in more applied-technical (e.g. as a mining engineer, mining engineer, mining engineer , raw materials engineer ) or more in a basic scientific orientation ( e.g. as an engineering geologist or geomechanic ). a .:

• Civil engineering (such as tunnel construction , technical underground construction of tunnels and caverns for plants or storage including disposal, cavity construction ), in particular rock construction (technical foundation in rock)
• Mining : underground and open-cast mining technology
• Mine surveying ( underground surveying including depository )
• Processing technology of raw materials
• Deep drilling technology (especially in oil and gas extraction)

education

The mining science has a great tradition in the German-speaking countries. In teaching and research, mining science is represented at several German-speaking universities such as the Montanuniversität Leoben in Austria and in Germany, especially at the Technical University of Clausthal and the Technical University of Bergakademie Freiberg . The TU Freiberg and the TU Clausthal were founded with a focus on mining science. The mining engineers trained there have good career prospects around the world, despite the fact that mining has been greatly reduced in the German-speaking area. At RWTH Aachen University , the Mining Faculty offers the Raw Materials Engineering course. The focus is on the areas of raw material extraction, processing techniques for raw materials and their recycling.

A typical general qualification is, for example, a graduate engineer in mining / mining sciences (Dipl.-Ing.mont.) Or a doctorate in mining / mining sciences (Dr.-Ing.) With the title addition rerum montanarum . Today there are also a number of more specialized degrees.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Georgius Agricola - Biography , Agricola Research Center Chemnitz
2. ↑ Agricola as the father of the mining sciences , exhibition Höfflichkeit und Bergkgeschrey, Georgius Agricola 1494–1555 , ETH Zurich library ( Memento of the original of June 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Hans-Willy Bein: Mining engineers - Always dig further. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . July 1, 2012, accessed July 2, 2016 .