Foundation

The foundation engineering is a branch of civil engineering and the geotechnical engineering . The part of the name reason aims at the soil , as part of the earth's crust. The construction activities of the foundation construction therefore predominantly take place below the surface of the site, often in the so-called subsoil . In contrast to rock construction , foundation construction is construction in loose rock . The earth statics provides the prerequisites, the soil mechanics is the theoretical basis for the foundation.

Grundbau deals in particular with the planning, calculation, execution and securing of foundations (foundations), supporting structures , excavations and similar construction measures.

With Der Grundbau, Ludwig Nathaniel August Brennecke published the first German-language monograph of this sub-discipline of geotechnical engineering in 1887 .

The basic construction tasks can be divided into five groups:

• Foundations (shallow and deep foundations),
• Securing of terrain jumps (construction pit walls , retaining walls , anchoring, underpinning ),
• Embankments ( cuts , embankments , dams ) and their securing against slope failure .
• Cavity structures ( tunnels , galleries , shafts , caverns , pipelines ),
• Landfills and pollution control (sealing, encapsulation).

The actual building with earth as material is earthwork .

The foundation also deals with:

• Traffic route construction (roads, railway embankments, airfields),
• Building in the groundwater ( lowering of the groundwater , drainage , sealing),
• Flood protection , coastal protection , port facilities .

The constructions and construction methods used to create the basic structures are closely related to the respective subsoil conditions , so that each technology is bound to specific application limits.

Sub-areas and related areas

• Earthworks - excavation and movement of soil or structures with earth as a building material
• Earth statics - calculation methods for the behavior of the soil
• Soil mechanics - science of the movements and forces in the soil and the study of the behavior of the soil
• Civil engineering :
  • Geotechnical engineering - foundation of structures underground
  • Structural engineering - structural engineering statics
  • Engineering geology - behavior of loose and solid rock
• Soil Science - Science of Soil
• Rock construction: rock mechanics , tunnel construction
• Civil engineering
• Hydraulic engineering

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1. ↑ LKG Ingenieurbüro für Bautechnik ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on August 2, 2013). 
2. ↑ Achim Hettler and Karl-Eugen Kurrer : Earth pressure . Ernst & Sohn , Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-433-03274-9 , pp. 301f.