Bach source herb

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bach source herb
Montia.fontana2 .-. Lindsey.jpg

Brook spring herb ( Montia fontana )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Spring herb family (Montiaceae)
Genre : Spring herbs ( Montia )
Type : Bach source herb
Scientific name
Montia fontana
L.

The brook spring herb ( Montia fontana ) is a type of plant within the spring herb family (Montiaceae). It occurs almost all over the world in streams, ditches and damp fields.

description

Illustration (both forms are now Montia fontana )
Flower with uneven, white petals

Vegetative characteristics

The brook spring herb grows as an annual to perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 1 to 30 centimeters. They often form smaller stocks to mats. The stems are prostrate to erect or sometimes flutend in the water and to the lower node ( Nodien ) a rooting may take place.

The opposite, more or less sedentary leaves have a leaf blade that is 3 to 20 millimeters long and linear to far lanceolate with a pointed to blunt upper end and a tapering base of the blade.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in California and Central Europe extends from June to August. The sometimes lateral, racemose inflorescences contain one to eight flowers. The lowest flowers stand on one or two bracts .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The sepals are round and truncated with a length of 1 to 2 millimeters. The three to five more or less unequal, white petals are only 1 to 2 millimeters long. There are three stamens . The ovary is unicameral. The style ends in three scar lobes.

The 1 to 2 millimeter long capsule fruit is triple and contains one to three seeds. The black seeds are 0.5 to 1.2 millimeters long with a more or less rough seed coat (testa), which has pointed warts, and they have a round or flat appendage.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 20.

Occurrence

The brook spring herb is native to Europe, tropical and northern Africa, Turkey, Siberia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, North America, Greenland, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

Illustration of Montia fontana subsp. chondrosperma

ecology

The brook spring herb is a marsh plant .

The flowers remain closed in cloudy weather; in addition to self-pollination , they are also subject to insect pollination . Mostly self-pollination takes place ( Kleistogamy ).

The fachspaltigen capsule fruits cause self-propagation , by the seed are thrown up by involution of the three fruit flaps and subsequent catapulting to 2 meters wide and up to 0.6 meter. The fruit ripens from July to August.

Systematics

The first publication of Montia fontana was in 1753 by Carl von Linné .

For example, on the basis of the seed coat, four subspecies are usually distinguished:

  • Montia fontana subsp. amporitana Sennen : In Central Europe it is often found in the Montio-Philonotidetum fontanae of the association of lime-poor spring meadows (Cardamino-Montion). It has the chromosome number 2n = 20.
  • Montia fontana subsp. chondrosperma (Fenzl) Walters (Syn .: Montia arvensis Wallr .; Montia fontana subsp. minor (CCGmel.) Schübl. & Martens non [var.] Walther 1802, nec Schrad. 1806, nom. illeg.): It is in Central Europe a Nanocyperion association character and often occurs in the Stellario-Scirpetum setaceae or in the Centunculo-Anthoceretum. It has the chromosome number 2n = 20.
  • Montia fontana L. subsp. fontana : It occurs in Central Europe in the Bryo-Philonotidetum seriatae of the lime-poor source corridors of the Cardamino-Montion association. It has the chromosome number 2n = 20.
  • Montia fontana subsp. variabilis Walters : It occurs in Central Europe in the Montio-Philonotidetum fontanae of the association of lime-poor spring meadows (Cardamino-Montion). It has the chromosome number 2n = 20.

Use in the kitchen

On the Iberian Peninsula, the young stems and leaves are eaten as traditional vegetables before they bloom. Until the 19th century, the brook spring herb was offered as a winter vegetable in markets in Germany and prepared as a vintner's salad or Schnippchensalat in Bavaria or Saxony.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kenton L. Chambers: Datasheet at Jepson Flora Project .
  2. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  3. ^ Montia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  4. ↑ Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. 91st edition. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2000, ISBN 3-494-01291-1 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 356–357.
  6. ↑ a b c d Montia fontana at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ J. Tardío, M. Molina, L. Aceituno-Mata, M. Pardo-de-Santayana, R. Morales, V. Fernández-Ruiz, P. Morales, P. García, M. Cámara, MC Sánchez-Mata: Montia fontana L. (Portulacaceae), an interesting wild vegetable traditionally consumed in the Iberian Peninsula. In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Volume 58, Issue 7, 2011, pp. 1105-1118.

Web links

Commons : Bach source herb ( Montia fontana )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files