Motor sailer (watercraft)

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Motor sailers , also motor sailing ships, are ships and pleasure craft that are powered by both sails and motors.

details

Ships

Motor glider as freight-propelled seagoing vessels developed from 1890 to 1900 from the motorization of existing cargo sailing ship in the coastal shipping and formed some three decades later, the foundation for the development of modern coaster .

Advertisement for aftermarket engines from 1913

The first experimental installation of petroleum engines ( gasoline engine with hot-tube ignition ) as an auxiliary drive in existing coastal sailors began after successful boat test drives in 1888. As early as 1892, the trade journal " Hansa " judged early conversions of this type that they met the requirements " perfectly ". Starting in 1897, experiments were carried out with diesel engines for the first time, and from 1903 the first experimental installations of the compact and reliable hot-head motor followed .

Before the First World War, motor sailers gained acceptance in Germany very slowly, as the coastal skippers' guilds did not insure any motor-driven ships until the early 1920s. In Denmark and the Netherlands in particular , however, the first two decades of the twentieth century began to equip a large number of coastal sailors with simply constructed and relatively economical hot-bulb and diesel engines. German coastal ship owners followed suit, especially in the period between the two world wars, and built almost exclusively motor gliders. On the seventh maritime shipping day in 1920 it was said: “ The motor sailer is a type of ship which, given its great independence from operating materials, [...] should be given full attention when rebuilding the German merchant fleet. "

The Club Med 2 , one of the largest motor sailing ships in the world

After the engines were initially only used as an auxiliary drive in the first decades of motorization, the engine became more and more popular as the main drive in the course of the 1930s. The drive systems of existing ships were also frequently replaced by more powerful diesel engines during these years, and coastal ship owners removed parts of their existing sails to the same extent, thus increasingly replacing the sails of coastal freighters. In 1935 there were already 723 iron and steel motor sailers registered in Germany with an average measurement of 98 GRT and 48 wooden motor sailers with an average measurement of 88 GRT. After the fact that pure coasters were increasingly being built before the Second World War, the motor ship increasingly replaced the motor sailer in Northern Europe in the post-war period.

The last freighter motor sailers, most recently only on the move with small auxiliary sails anyway, disappeared from coastal shipping in the North and Baltic Sea regions in the course of the 1960s and 1970s . The last freight-carrying wooden motor schooner flying the (West) German flag was the Bille, built in 1917 on Svendborgsund . It was made at the beginning of the 1960s launched but remained in until 1976 Shipping Register listed.

The sailing shipping company Kapitän Hass eK from Flensburg operated until 2009 with the steel cargo schooner Undine, the last motor sailer in Northern Europe used in commercial cargo transport, as an island supplier to the North Frisian Islands and as a combined cargo and passenger ship on the Hamburg-Sylt line. Otherwise, motor sailers can still be found today as cargo-carrying merchant ships as dhows in the area of ​​the Indian Ocean and occasionally as junk in some parts of Asia.

Pleasure craft

In the pleasure craft sector , motor yachts (or fifty-fifty ) are termed yachts that are satisfactorily propelled both under motor and under sails, i.e. not only have auxiliary motors or auxiliary sails. This type of boat represents a compromise between a pure sailing yacht and a pure motor yacht . The shape of the hull can be more typical of a sailboat or more typical of a motorboat. The higher the desired speed, the more typical the shape of the hull must be for a motorboat, which has a negative effect on the sailing characteristics.

Motor sailors are less elegant and sporty in appearance, but they are comfortable touring vehicles that are more spacious than pure sailing yachts. In most cases they have a fixed deckhouse with an inside steering position.

Well-known representatives are boats of the brands Nauticat and Sirius , as well as the less known in Europe models of the MacGregor Yacht Corporation , in particular the MacGregor 26 .

Since the 1990s, there has been an increasing trend towards mixed forms between motor sailers and classic sailing yachts, which can be seen on the one hand in the increasingly powerful motorization of sailing yachts, on the other hand in new crack shapes such as deck saloon yachts .

literature

  • Detlefsen, Gert Uwe: From the Ewer to the container ship . The development of the German coasters. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1983, ISBN 3-7822-0321-6 .
  • Ulrich Schaefer: Gaff schooner in the North and Baltic Seas: German coastal shipping under sails . Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-8225-0124-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The petroleum engine System Capitaine and its importance for boat operations. , "Hansa" - German nautical magazine. Organ for marine affairs, shipbuilding and marine engineering. , Hamburg, XXIX. Year, No. 44, October 29, 1892, pp. 543/544
  2. ↑ G. Timmermann: Foreign Influence on the Construction of German Fishing Vessels in the Past . In: Yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 1959 . Vol. 53, 1960, pp. 375-383 .
  3. ^ Ulrich Schaefer: Gaff schooner in the North and Baltic Seas: German coastal shipping under sails . Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-8225-0124-7 , p. 63 .
  4. ↑ R. Erbach, KJ v. Kajdacsy: motor sailer. In: shipyard and shipping company . Vol. 2, No. July 14 , 1921, p. 420-429 .
  5. ^ Walter Ried: German sailing since 1470 . JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-469-00508-7 , p. 258 .
  6. ↑ Wolfram Claviez: Maritime Dictionary . 3. Edition. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 1994, ISBN 3-7688-0853-X , p. 252 .
  7. ^ German Hochseesportverband "Hansa" eV (Ed.): Seemannschaft . Yachting manual. 23rd edition. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 1994, ISBN 3-7688-0523-9 , p. 24 .
  8. ↑ According to the test report in the yacht dated January 24, 2002, "the Nauticat 331 motor sailer is the most successful of its kind."