Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
Muhammad ibn al-Qasim (* December 31, 695 - † July 18, 715 ;محمد بن القاسم, DMG Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim ) was an important Arab general among the Umayyads at the beginning of the 8th century .
Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi was commissioned by al-Hajjaj , the governor of Basra, to conquer the Indus Valley. In 711 he succeeded in conquering Sindh and the Indus Valley around Multan with Syrian troops from Makran . Although Buddhists and Hindus, from a Muslim point of view, have not yet been followers of a " book religion " ( ahl al-kitab ) and should have been fought with it, the Hindu temples and Buddhist stupas were treated by al-Qasim like churches , synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples . As a result, Buddhism and Hinduism were placed on an equal footing with the book religions, which is why only the poll tax was claimed from the subject population . This pragmatic attitude was necessary because of the numerical superiority of the subjugated population over the Arab troops.
After the death of his superior al-Hajjaj (714) and the accession of Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (715), al-Qasim was deposed as a result of court intrigues, imprisoned in Damascus and executed.
Commemoration
After Quasim is named:
- Port Qasim , Pakistan's second largest port
- Bagh Ibne Qasim , the largest park in Karachi
- The Ibn-e-Qasim Bagh Stadium in Multan
- The naval base Qasim, or PNS Qasim , the site of the Amphibious Special Operations Forces of the Pakistani Navy
- The Bin Qasim Town district in Karachi
- The Muhammad bin Qasim Road / avenue in Karachi
- The Mohammad Bin Qasim Library in Sujawal, Thatta
The Yom-e Bab ul-Islam Memorial Day in Pakistan is observed in honor of Quasim.
literature
- Claude Cahen : Islam I. Fischer World History Volume 14, Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 1968
- Ulrich Haarmann (ed.): History of the Arab world. CH Beck, Munich 2001
- Stephan and Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. Artemis Verlag, 1972
- Gernot Rotter : The Umayyads and the Second Civil War. Wiesbaden 1982
- John Joseph Saunders : A history of Medieval Islam. Barnes & Noble, London 1965, 1990, ISBN 0-415-05914-3 .
- Julius Wellhausen : The Arab Empire and its fall. Berlin 1902; ND 1960
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cheesman, David Landlord Power and Rural Indebtedness in Colonial Sind , Routledge (UK), February 1, 1997, ISBN 0-7007-0470-1
- ↑ KARACHI: Babul Islam day observed. In: Dawn. APP, November 7, 2003, accessed May 20, 2012 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Muhammad ibn al-Qasim |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | General among the Umayyads |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 31, 695 |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 18, 715 |