Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah ( Arabic : "follower of Mohammed ", full name: Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah ) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia . It was founded in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan (1868–1923) in the city of Yogyakarta as a Salafist , reformist religious-social movement and represents the principle of Idschtihād , i.e. the individual interpretation of the Koran and the Sunna - as a counterpart to the Taqlid , where the Traditional interpretations presented to ulama must be accepted.
With around 30 million members, it is currently the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia after Nahdatul Ulama . Although leaders and members of the Muhammadiyah are often actively involved in political life in the country and the organization is considered influential, it is not a political party; she is dedicated to social, charitable and educational activities.
history
On November 18, 1912, Ahmad Dahlan, a court official of the Yogyakarta Kraton and a Muslim scholar trained in Mecca , founded the Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta. The motivation for the establishment was the widespread syncretism in the Indonesian, and especially Javanese , Muslim society. Ahmad Dahlan, who was under the sign of the Egyptian reformist Muhammad Abduh , viewed these practices as testimony to shirk and idol worship . Therefore, from its inception, the Muhammadiyah has been concerned with upholding the principle of Tawheed and with the further development of monotheism in society.
Between 1913 and 1918 the Muhammadiyah founded five Islamic schools, in 1919 one Islamic college, the Hooge School Muhammadiyah , was founded.
In 1925, two years after the death of founder Dahlan, the Muhammadiyah had 4,000 members, and had built 55 schools and two clinics in Surabaya and Yogyakarta. After the reformer Abdul Karim Amrullah introduced the Muhammadiyah to the dynamic Muslim community of the Minangkabau , the organization developed rapidly. In 1938 the organization had 250,000 members and administered 834 mosques, 31 libraries, 1,774 schools and 7,630 ulamas. Minangkabau traders spread the organization across Indonesia.
Teaching
The central teaching of Muhammadiyah is Sunni Islam; however, the main focus of the movement is on increasing people's sense of moral responsibility and purifying their beliefs towards true Islam. They emphasize the authority of the Koran and the Hadith as the highest Islamic law, which serves as the basis of legitimation for the interpretation and development of religious beliefs and practices, in contrast to traditional practices, where the Sharia was laid down in religious schools by the ulama.
The Muhammadiyah is strongly opposed to the syncretism, which in Indonesia merges Islam with animist and Hindu - Buddhist values from the pre-Islamic period and which is widespread among villagers. Furthermore, the Muhammadiyah opposes the tradition of Sufism , which allows the Sufi leaders ( sheikhs ) to be official authorities for Muslims.
Fatwa against smoking
In 2010 the Muhammadiya issued a fatwa against smoking and at the same time wanted to call on the Indonesian government to ratify the World Health Organization's (WHO) “Framework Convention on Tobacco” . The chairman of the Fatwa committee of the Muhammadiyah, Yunahar Ilyas, compared smoking with suicide and for this reason called it haram . In January 2009, the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (“Indonesian Council of Ulama ”, the highest committee of Islam in Indonesia) issued a fatwa against smoking in public.
literature
- Suaidi Asyari: Traditionalist vs Modernist Islam in Indonesian Politics: Muhammadiyah , VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, ISBN 3639229932
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Muhammadiyah - Doctrines ( Memento of the original of September 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Indonesia: Even the hospitals smoke Frankfurter Allgemeine
- ↑ Syncretism in Indonesia: Where Islam mixes with ancient rituals ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fatwa forbid Muslims from smoking Welt Online , March 10, 2010
