Mustafa Yamolki

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Mustafa Yamolki

Mustafa Pascha Yamolki (born January 25, 1866 in Süleymaniye , Vilâyet Mossul ; † May 25, 1936 there ), also known as Nemrud or Nimrod Mustafa Pascha , was an Ottoman military officer of Kurdish descent, chairman of the Ottoman military tribunal during the unionist trials of 1919-1920, Minister of Education of the Kingdom of Kurdistan and journalist. He commanded the Ottoman 3rd Army in the Italo-Turkish War and in the Balkan Wars with the rank of Mîrlivâ ( Brigadier General ) and was Lieutenant Governor of Bursa .

Life

Mustafa Yamolki was born into a landowning family from the powerful Kurdish Bilbaz tribe and attended the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul .

As chairman of the Ottoman Military Tribunal (since its establishment in February 1919), which was therefore also known as the “War Tribunal of Nemrut Mustafa”, he sentenced the later Turkish state founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and all persons associated with him to death in absentia. He also sentenced Talat , Enver and Jemal to death for their role in the genocide of the Armenians and the Assyrians and in the massacres of the Pontic Greeks . Nemrud Mustafa Pascha tried to expose crimes and corruption scandals of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War :

“Our compatriots committed outrageous crimes, resorted to every conceivable method of despotism, organized deportations and blood baths, poured gas on babies and burned them, raped women and girls in front of their parents, whose hands and feet were shackled, took girls in front of their parents and Fathers away, expropriated personal property and real estate, took people as far as Mesopotamia and treated them inhumanely on the way ... they put thousands of innocent people in boats that were sunk in the sea ... they put the Armenians in the most unbearable conditions, that no other nation has ever known in its history. "

His arrest warrants were signed by Ali Kemal Bey , Damat Ferid and the Sultan. He also condemned Ebubekir Hazim (Tepeyran), the interior minister, for his support for the Kemalists . Using the judge Artin Boşgezenyan was the Kaymakam of Boğazlıyan , Mehmed Kemal , was sentenced to death. Yamolki was fired from office in June.

Because of his open allegations against the massacres of the Armenians , Nemrud Mustafa Pascha Yamolki was sentenced by the nationalists to three years in prison. The verdicts he pronounced against various Turkish officials have been overturned. He was arrested by the Kemalists, but the British embassy stepped in and assured him safe passage to Kurdistan . He left his palace in Istanbul, which was taken over by the Kemalists.

His brother-in-law was Izzet Bey, the former governor of Van and minister of the Pious Foundations in the cabinet of Tevfik Pasha . Mustafa's son was Abdülaziz Yamulki, the main conspirator against the government of Bakr Sidqī in the Kingdom of Iraq .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development, Wadie Jwaideh
  2. ↑ Review of Armenian studies, Volume 5, Issues 13-16 , ASAM Institute for Armenian Research, 2007
  3. ^ A b c d Raymond H. Kévorkian : The Armenian genocide: a complete history . Reprinted. IB Tauris, London 2010, ISBN 1-84885-561-3 , pp. 703 ( online ).
  4. ↑ Hans-Lukas Kieser, Dominik J. Schaller, Der Genölkermord an der Armeniern und die Shoah (The Armenian genocide and the Shoah)
  5. ↑ Salahi Ramadan Sonyel, Turkish Diplomacy 1918-1923: Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish National Movement
  6. ↑ Kurkchiyan, Marina: The Armenians past and present in the making of national identity . Edmund Herzig. Routledge Shorton, Abingdon, Oxon, Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-203-00493-0 .
  7. ↑ George J. Andreopoulos (Ed.): Genocide: conceptual and historical dimensions . 1. paperback print. Edition. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Pa. 1997, ISBN 0-8122-1616-4 .
  8. ^ Vahe Kateb: The Armenian genocide as reported in the Australian press . Ed .: Armenian National Committee . 1983, p. 111 ( online ).
  9. ^ Armenian question and the genocide of the Armenians in Turkey . Hakob Sedrakʻi Anasyan. American Armenian International College, 1983 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Touraj Atabaki, Erik-Jan Zürcher , Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah
personal data
SURNAME Yamolki, Mustafa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nemrud; Nimrod Mustafa Pasha; Yamolki, Mustafa Pasha
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman Mirliva, judge, minister and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Sulaimaniyya , Vilayet Mosul , Ottoman Empire
DATE OF DEATH May 25, 1936
Place of death Sulaimaniyya , Iraq