Mycoplasma genitalium

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Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium gene map. The sequence of the 525 colored genes on the bacterial chromosome is shown

Gene map of Mycoplasma genitalium . The sequence of the 525 colored genes on the bacterial chromosome is shown

Systematics
Department : Tenerife
Class : Mollicutes
Order : Mycoplasmatales
Family : Mycoplasmataceae
Genre : Mycoplasma
Type : Mycoplasma genitalium
Scientific name
Mycoplasma genitalium
Tully , Taylor-Robinson , Rose , Cole & Bove , 1983

Mycoplasma genitalium (Genital Mycoplasma) is a bacterium that affects mucosal cells of the urogenital tract , is sexually transmitted and can cause urethritis , cervical infections , abdominal infections and possibly other diseases such as reactive arthritis . It was first isolated in 1981 and identified as a new type of mycoplasma in 1983 .

properties

Mycoplasma genitalium is a bottle-shaped, cell-wall-less bacterium which, with typical widths of around 300 nm and lengths of around 400 - 600 nm, is very small compared to other bacteria. It has less than 10% of the volume of Escherichia coli . At 580 kbp , its genome is one of the smallest known bacterial genomes. It can attach itself to the genital and respiratory epithelium with special surface molecules. The cell membrane of mycoplasmas contains cholesterol , which is otherwise only found in eukaryotes and which is not produced itself, but has to be taken up from the host cell.

proof

Infections with Mycoplasma genitalium are detected in the laboratory with a PCR test.

therapy

Since mycoplasmas do not have a cell wall, antibiotics that intervene in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall (e.g. β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporins ) are ineffective. Instead, tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline ), macrolides (e.g. azithromycin and clarithromycin ) or fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin or levofloxacin are given. Currently (2019) there is increasing resistance to macrolide antibiotics. No particular prophylaxis is known.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b J. G. Tully, D. Taylor-Robinson, DL Rose, RM Cole, JM Bove: Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract . In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . tape 33 , no. 2 , April 1, 1983, ISSN  0020-7713 , p. 387-396 , doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-33-2-387 .
  2. ↑ Scott A Weinstein, Bradley G. Stiles: Recent perspectives in the diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium . In: Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy . tape 10 , no. 4 , January 2012, ISSN  1478-7210 , p. 487-499 , doi : 10.1586 / eri.12.20 .
  3. ↑ Kimberly A. Workowski, Gail A. Bolan: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015 . In: MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports . tape 64 , RR-03, June 5, 2015, ISSN  1057-5987 , p. 1-137 , PMID 26042815 , PMC 5885289 (free full text).
  4. ↑ Harold C Wiesenfeld, Lisa E Manhart: Mycoplasma genitalium in Women: Current Knowledge and Research Priorities for This Recently Emerged Pathogen . In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases . tape 216 , suppl_2, July 15, 2017, ISSN  0022-1899 , p. S389 – S395 , doi : 10.1093 / infdis / jix198 , PMID 28838078 , PMC 5853983 (free full text) - ( oup.com [accessed March 25, 2019]).
  5. ↑ New guidelines issued on the 'STI most people have never heard of'. July 11, 2018, accessed March 25, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Joseph G. Tully, Roger M. Cole, David Taylor-Robinson, DavidL. Rose: A NEWLY DISCOVERED MYCOPLASMA IN THE HUMAN UROGENITAL TRACT . In: The Lancet . tape 317 , no. 8233 , June 1981, p. 1288-1291 , doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (81) 92461-2 .
  7. ↑ JS Jensen, J. Blom, K. Lind: Intracellular location of Mycoplasma genitalium in cultured Vero cells as demonstrated by electron microscopy. In: International Journal of Experimental Pathology . tape 75 , no. 2 , April 1994, ISSN  0959-9673 , p. 91-98 , PMID 8199010 , PMC 2002111 (free full text).
  8. ↑ CM Fraser, JD Gocayne, O. White, MD Adams, RA Clayton: The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium . In: Science . tape 270 , no. 5235 , October 20, 1995, ISSN  0036-8075 , p. 397-404 , doi : 10.1126 / science.270.5235.397 .
  9. ↑ Maria C. Fookes, James Hadfield, Simon Harris, Surendra Parmar, Magnus Unemo: Mycoplasma genitalium: whole genome sequence analysis, recombination and population structure . In: BMC Genomics . tape December 18 , 28, 2017, ISSN  1471-2164 , doi : 10.1186 / s12864-017-4399-6 , PMID 29281972 , PMC 5745988 (free full text).
  10. ↑ Brandis and colleagues. by R. Ansorg: Textbook of medical microbiology: 192 tables . Ed .: Henning Brandis. 7., completely reworked. Ed. G. Fischer, Stuttgart [u. a.] 1994, ISBN 3-437-00743-2 , pp. 66, 172, 610 ff .
  11. ↑ JS Jensen, MB Borre, B. Dohn: Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium by PCR Amplification of the 16S rRNA Gene . In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology . tape 41 , no. 1 , January 1, 2003, ISSN  0095-1137 , p. 261–266 , doi : 10.1128 / JCM.41.1.261-266.2003 , PMID 12517858 , PMC 149599 (free full text).
  12. ^ Section for virology of the Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine of the Medical University of Innsbruck: List of services of the Section for Virology of the Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine of the Medical University of Innsbruck. (PDF) Retrieved March 25, 2019 .
  13. ^ Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 219 f.
  14. ^ German STI Society: Guideline STI Therapy Version 2.1. German STI Society, accessed on March 25, 2019 (11/2014).
  15. ↑ Jørgen Skov Jensen, Catriona Bradshaw: Management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections - can we hit a moving target? In: BMC Infectious Diseases . tape 15 , no. December 1 , 2015, ISSN  1471-2334 , doi : 10.1186 / s12879-015-1041-6 , PMID 26286546 , PMC 4545773 (free full text).
  16. ^ Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics GmbH: Mycoplasma genitalium PCR (urine). Retrieved March 25, 2019 .