National Security Directorate

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The National Security Directorate ( Persian ریاست امنیت ملی Riyāsat-e amniyat-e mellī , short Amaniyat , engl. The name " National Directorate of Security ") is the Afghan domestic secret service , which carries out both intelligence and police tasks. His current main task is to provide intelligence support to the Afghan government, the troops of Operation Enduring Freedom ( OEF ) and the international Afghanistan protection force ( ISAF ) in the war against the radical Islamic Taliban and Al-Qaeda groups. The NDS is financed by Germany , Great Britain and the USA . The current chief of intelligence is Rahmatullah Nabil. The head office is in Kabul . The NDS has 30 departments and branches all over Afghanistan. It employs an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 people.

history

The roots of the Afghan secret service go back to the presidency of Daoud Khan . In the course of history the name has been changed several times: The original name AGSA ( Da Afghanistan da Gato da Satalo Adara ) was changed to KAM ( Kargarano Amniyyati Mu'assassa ). After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan , the secret service was reformed with the support of the KGB and renamed Khadamat-e Etela'at-e Dawlati ( KhAD ). On January 29, 1981, the KhAD headquarters in Kabul was attacked and destroyed by mujahideen fighters. The last KhAD director (Ghulam Faruq Yakubi) is killed in the wake of the collapse of Mohammed Najibullah's government in April 1992. After the fall of the Taliban in 2001, the KhAD was re-established under President Hamid Karzai and rebuilt by the American secret service CIA . Since then, the organization has been known as the National Directorate of Security , but is still colloquially referred to as "Khad".

A 2004 study estimated that over 50% of NDS employees are former KhAD agents. The first director after the fall of the Taliban regime was Mohammad Arif Sarwari, a general of the United Front (Northern Alliance) . He was followed by Amrullah Saleh in 2004 . After Amrullah Saleh's resignation in June 2010, Ibrahim Spinzada was temporarily director of the NDS until he was replaced by Rahmatullah Nabil, a confidante of Hamid Karzai .

The average salary of an NDS employee is 4800 Afghani per month (approx. 64 euros).

In September 2009, the deputy head of the intelligence service, Abdullah Laghmani, was killed in an explosives attack east of Kabul.

In mid-April 2012, the NDS was able to record its greatest success to date, as an bomb attack on the center of Kabul with more than 10 tons of explosives was thwarted.

On April 19, 2016, Taliban fighters and suicide bombers carried out an attack on the headquarters of the NDS. At least 28 people were killed and 320 injured.

Controversy

Human Rights Watch criticized an order published by the NDS in June 2006 as restricting press freedom . The document states, among other things, that the media must restrict or refrain from publishing material if doing so violates public morals or if it threatens public safety or the national interest.

Organizations such as the Red Cross , Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International accuse the NDS of violating human rights when dealing with prisoners.

swell

  1. ^ Lieutenant General Karl W. Eikenberry : An Assessment of Security and Stability in Afghanistan , United States House of Representatives , February 13, 2007, p. 9.
  2. ↑ David Pugliese: Afghans open controversial interrogation facilities ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Canwest News Service, May 12, 2007 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.canada.com
  3. ^ Improving public financial management in the security sector . In: Afghanistan - Managing public finance for development . tape 5 . World Bank, Washington, DC January 17, 2006, p. 27 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ Islamic Republic of Afghanistan / Office of the President: National Directorate of Security Must be the Protector of National Interests September 13, 2010
  5. ↑ a b Amnesty International : Afghanistan. Detainees transferred to torture: ISAF complicity? (PDF), November 13, 2007, p. 38.
  6. ↑ Los Angeles Times: CIA expanding presence in Afghanistan , latimes.com, September 20, 2009
  7. ^ Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung : Page no longer available , search in web archives: Afghanistan: Return to the wild "Talibanistan" , July 19, 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.haz.de
  8. ^ Stefan Christoff: Reporting on torture in Afghanistan , rabble.ca, May 4, 2007
  9. ↑ Eric S. Margolis: Canada's Dirty Hands , May 4, 2007
  10. ^ John Ivison: Torture allegations are lies, Afghan official says; Detention staff 'should be praised not punished , National Post , April 28, 2007
  11. ^ Afghanistan arrests insurgents with explosives, makes Pakistan link - The Express Tribune. In: The Express Tribune. Retrieved April 19, 2016 (American English).
  12. ↑ Attack in Afghanistan: The target was the security organs . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 19, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 19, 2016]).
  13. ↑ Afghanistan: Remove New Restrictions on Media , Human Rights Watch, June 22, 2006
  14. ^ Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. (PDF) In: hrw.org. Accessed February 26, 2019 .
  15. ↑ German torture accomplices in the Hindu Kush? , FOCUS-Online, November 12, 2007
  16. ↑ Torture allegations against Karzai's secret service , SPIEGEL-Online, December 22, 2009

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