Nicolas Trigault

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Nicolas Trigault in Chinese costume

Nicolas Trigault , Latinized Nicolaus Trigautius (Chinese: 金 尼 閣 / 金 尼 阁; Pinyin: Jīn Nígé); (March 3, 1577 in Douai ; † November 14, 1628 in Hangzhou ), was a Dutch Jesuit missionary .

Life

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At the age of 17 Trigault decided on November 9, 1594 to join the Jesuits. After completing his theology studies , he was sent on the Jesuit mission to China . In 1610 he reached Macau .

In China he worked as a missionary and pastor in Nanjing , Hangzhou and above all in the capital Beijing . In 1613 he returned to Europe via India, Persia and Egypt and reached Rome in October 1614. Trigault had meanwhile appointed his order as procurator of the order province of Japan and China.

In the course of 1615 Trigault obtained important concessions from Pope Paul V. Especially the mission in China was now allowed to celebrate the entire liturgy in the national language (and no longer necessarily in Latin ). In addition, the missionaries in China were allowed to adapt their clothing to the national costume at liturgical celebrations.

From Rome in 1616 Trigault traveled through Europe to a. in Douai , Frankfurt am Main, Cologne, Lyon, Madrid, Munich, Naples and Würzburg to recruit natural scientists for his mission expedition to China. He also tried to raise funds to finance the next trip.

Equipped with a well-stocked library and a large number of the most modern mathematical instruments, Trigault put together a group of 22 Jesuits at the turn of the year 1617/18, who set out from Lisbon for China in mid-April 1618 .

Before departure brought Trigault Claudio Acquaviva , his general of the order to separate China orden policy of Japan and to establish an independent province of the order, with him as procurator. In July 1619 they reached Macau. From there they founded u. a. the Henan and Kaifeng missions .

Everywhere Trigault could, he tried to use local clergy in his work as a missionary. With the help of a converted Chinese, he published the first Chinese version of Aesop's Fables in 1625 .

Nicolas Trigault died on November 14, 1628 at the age of 51 in Hangzhou; he had taken his own life.

Works

  • Nicolas Trigault: Histoire de l'expédition chrestienne au royaume de la Chine entreprins entreprinse par les PP. de la compagnie de Iesus. Comprinse en cinq livres. Esquels est traicte fort exactement et fidelement des moeurs, loix, et coustumes du pays, et des commencemens tres-difficiles de l'Eglise naissante en ce Royaume. Tirée des commentaires du Fr Matthieu Riccius. Et nouvellement traduicte en françois par DF ​​de Riquebourg-trigault . A Lyon Pour Horace Cardon, 1616

literature

  • Liam M. Brockney, Journey to the East: The Jesuit mission to China, 1579-1724 (Harvard University Press, 2007)
  • C. Dehaisnes, Vie du Père Nicolas Trigault , Tournai 1861
  • PM D'Elia, Daniele Bartoli e Nicola Trigault , “ Rivista Storica Italiana ”, s. V, III, 1938, 77-92
  • GH Dunne, Generation of Giants , Notre Dame (Indiana), 1962, 162-182
  • L. Fezzi, Osservazioni sul De Christiana Expeditione apud Sinas Suscepta from Societate Iesu di Nicolas Trigault , "Rivista di Storia e Letteratura Religiosa" 1999, 541-566
  • TN Foss, Nicholas Trigault, SJ - Amanuensis or Propagandist? The Rôle of the Editor of Della entrata della Compagnia di Giesù e Christianità nella Cina , in Lo Kuang (a cura di), International Symposium on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in Commemoration of the 400th Anniversary of the Arrival of Matteo Ricci, SJ in China . Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. September 11-16, 1983, II, Taipei, 1983, 1-94
  • J. Gernet, Della Entrata della Compagnia di Giesù e Cristianità nella Cina de Matteo Ricci (1609) et les remaniements de sa traduction latine (1615) , “Académie des Inscriptions & Belles Lettres. Comptes Rendus »2003, 61–84
  • E. Lamalle, La propagande du P. Nicolas Trigault en faveur des missions de Chine (1616) , “Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu”, IX, 1940, 49–120
  • Emmy Rosenfeld: Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld. A voice in the desert. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1958 (= sources and research on the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic peoples. New series, 2), p. 21 f.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Trigault, Nicolas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Jesuit and China missionary
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1577
PLACE OF BIRTH Douai
DATE OF DEATH November 14, 1628
Place of death Hangzhou