Nielsenite
| Nielsenite | |
|---|---|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
IMA 2004-046 |
| chemical formula | PdCu 3 |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
elements |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
1.AG.70 ( 8th edition : I / A.15) 02/01/14/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | tetragonal |
| Crystal class ; symbol | ditetragonal-pyramidal; 4 mm |
| Space group | P 4 mm (No. 99) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 3.710 Å ; c = 25.655 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 4 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | not defined |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | calculated: 9.53 |
| Cleavage | is missing |
| Break ; Tenacity | none; can be cut with a knife |
| colour | steel gray |
| Line color | black |
| transparency | opaque (opaque) |
| shine | Metallic luster |
Nielsenite is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of the "elements (including natural alloys, intermetallic compounds, carbides, nitrides, phosphides and silicides)" with the chemical composition PdCu 3 and is therefore chemically an intermetallic compound of palladium and copper in proportion 1: 3.
Nielsenite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system , but has so far only been found in the form of drop-like or irregular grains up to about 0.05 mm in size. The mineral is opaque in every form and shows a clear metallic luster on the steel-gray grain surfaces . His stroke color is black.
Etymology and history
Nielsenite was first discovered in the Skaergaard intrusion in the Kangerlussuaq complex in the Greenlandic Qeqqata Communia and described in 2008 by Andrew M. McDonald, Louis J. Cabri, Nikolay S. Rudashevsky, Christopher J. Stanley, Vladimir N. Rudashevsky and Kirk C. Ross, who named the mineral after the geologist Troels FD Nielsen.
Type material, i.e. mineral samples from its type locality , is in the Geological Museum in Copenhagen , Denmark under catalog no. 2008.1 kept.
classification
Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the nielsenite belonged to the mineral class of the "elements" and there to the department of "metals and intermetallic alloys (without semimetals)", where together with chengdeit , ferronickel platinum , isoferroplatinum , Tetraferroplatinum and tulameenite formed the unnamed group I / A.15 .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns Nielsenite to the “Metals and Intermetallic Compounds” department. However, this is further subdivided according to the membership of the metals involved in certain element families, so that the mineral can be found in the sub-section “ PGE metal alloys” according to its composition , where it is the only member of the unnamed group 1.AG. 70 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Nielsenit to the class and there in the department of the same name of "elements". Here he can be found together with Bortnikovit in the unnamed group 01.02.14 within the sub-section “Elements: Platinum Group Metals and Alloys”.
Crystal structure
Synthetically produced nielsenite crystallizes tetragonally in the space group P 4 mm (space group no. 99) with the lattice parameters a = 3.710 Å and c = 25.655 Å as well as 4 formula units per unit cell .
Education and Locations
Nielsenite forms as a crystallization product of immiscible melts in thoelite gabbro below a temperature of 508 ° C within highly differentiated intrusion layers . As Begleitminerale occur among other bornite , chalcocite , Keithconnit , Skaergaardit , Vasilit and Zvyagintsevit on.
In addition to its type locality , the Skaergaard intrusion in the Kangerlussuaq complex, the mineral could only be discovered in Greenland in a nearby platinum-bearing reef.
The only other known sites (as of 2017) are in the Pindos Ophiolite Complex in the area around Korydallos in the Greek region of Epirus and in the Cu-Ni deposit Monchegorsk near Montschegorsk in the Russian Oblast Murmansk .
See also
literature
- Andrew M. McDonald, Louis J. Cabri, Nikolay S. Rudashevsky, Christopher J. Stanley, Vladimir N. Rudashevsky, Kirk C. Ross: Nielsenite, PdCu 3 , a new platinum-group intermetallic mineral species from the Skaergaard intrusion, Greenland . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 46 , no. 3 , 2008, p. 709-716 , doi : 10.3749 / canmin.46.3.709 .
- Kiyohito Okamura: Lattice Modulation in the Long Period Ordered Alloys Studied by X-Ray Diffraction. III. Cu 3 Pd (alpha ") . In: Journal of the Physical Society of Japan . Volume 28 , 1970, pp. 1005-1014 , doi : 10.1143 / JPSJ.28.1005 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Nielsenite (Wiki)
- Mindat - Nielsenite (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; September 2017 (PDF 1.67)
- ↑ a b American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Nielsenite (English)
- ↑ a b Webmineral - Nielsenite (English)
- ↑ a b c d Nielsenite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 29 kB ; accessed on December 29, 2017]).
- ↑ Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
- ↑ Find location list for nielsenite at [Mineralienatlas] and at Mindat