Isoferroplatinum
| Isoferroplatinum | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
IMA 1974-012a |
| chemical formula |
|
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
elements |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
1.AG.35 ( 8th edition : I / A.15) 02/01/05/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | cubic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | cubic hexakisoctahedral; 4 / m 3 2 / m |
| Space group | Pm 3 m (No. 221) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 3.86 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 1 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 5.5 to 6 ( VHN 100 = 503 to 572) |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | calculated: 18.41 |
| Cleavage | not defined |
| Break ; Tenacity | not defined |
| colour | gray to silvery white |
| Line color | Please complete |
| transparency | opaque (opaque) |
| shine | Metallic luster |
Isoferroplatinum is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of the "elements (including natural alloys, intermetallic compounds, carbides, nitrides, phosphides and silicides)" with the idealized chemical composition Pt 3 Fe and is therefore chemically a natural alloy of platinum and iron ( Latin ferrum ) in a ratio of 3: 1. Since the mineral can often be found in nature with external additions of palladium and copper , which can replace parts of the platinum or iron , the formula is occasionally also with (Pt, Pd) 3 (Fe , Cu).
Isoferroplatin crystallizes in the cubic crystal system , but rarely develops well-formed crystals up to about three millimeters in size. It is usually found in the form of rounded, cubic grains or worm-like adhesions and veins. Skeletal crystal forms are also known. The mineral is opaque in every form and shows a clear metallic luster on the surfaces of the gray to silver-white crystals .
Etymology and history
Isoferroplatinum was first discovered in a soap deposit on the Tulameen River , a tributary of the Similkameen River near the mining area of the same name ( Similkameen Mining Division ) in the south of the Canadian province of British Columbia . Since samples from the Stillwater Complex in the US state of Montana were also used for the analysis of the mineral , this location is also considered to be the type locality for the mineral.
The first description was in 1975 by Louis J. Cabri and Clive E. Feather, who named the mineral after its cubic (English isometric ) symmetry and its chemical composition.
classification
Already in the outdated but still partially in use 8th edition of the mineral classification by Strunz of Isoferroplatin belonged to the mineral class of "elements" and then to the Department of "metals and intermetallic alloys (semimetals)" where he collaborated with Chengdeit , ferronickel platinum , Nielsenit , Tetraferroplatinum and tulameenite formed the unnamed group I / A.15 .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also classifies isoferroplatin in the “Metals and Intermetallic Compounds” department. However, this is further subdivided according to the affiliation of the metals involved in certain element families, so that the mineral can be found in the sub-section " PGE metal alloys" according to its composition , where it is only together with Chengdeit the " Isoferroplatin group "with the system no. 1.AG.35 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns isoferroplatinum to the class and there in the department of the same name of "elements". Here he is also the namesake together with Rustenburgit , Atokit , Zvyagintsevit , Chengdeit and Yixunit in the " isoferroplatin group (room group Pm 3 m) " with the system no. 02/01/05 to be found in the subsection "Elements: Platinum Group Metals and Alloys".
Crystal structure
Isoferroplatin crystallizes cubically in the space group Pm 3 m (space group no. 221) with the lattice parameter a = 3.86 Å and one formula unit per unit cell .
Education and Locations
Isoferroplatin forms in Pt-Fe and Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in ultramafic rocks and in chromatites . From there, the mineral is removed by weathering and transported to the corresponding soap deposits. As Begleitminerale among other dignified occur Gold , platinum , iridium and osmium and various Pt-Fe alloys and sulfides such as, but Braggit , Sperrylith and pyrite on.
As a rare mineral formation, isoferroplatin is only known from around 110 sites (as of 2017). In addition to its type locality on the Tulameen River and the nearby Similkameen River in British Columbia, the mineral was also found in Canada in Cardwell Parish in Kings County (New Brunswick) , at Marathon and in the area of Seeley Lake in the Thunder Bay District of Ontario, at several Positions in the Les Appalaches county council ( Thetford Mines , Hall chrome and Lemelin ) ; Wolverine Creek in the Watson Lake mining district ; and Burwash Creek and Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit in the Whitehorse mining district in Yukon.
In Montana, isoferroplatinum has occurred at various locations in the Stillwater complex such as the Minneapolis adit, Stillwater Mine, and the Mouat Ni-Cu Verdegris Creek prospect. In addition, the mineral could still be discovered in various pits and soap deposits in Alaska, California, Oregon and Pennsylvania.
The only known site in Germany so far is on the Kolbersbach near Zwiesel in Lower Bavaria.
Other locations include Albania, Ethiopia, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Columbia, Ecuador, Finland, France, India, Japan, Madagascar, Mongolia, New Caledonia, Norway, Russia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania and the United States Kingdom (UK).
Isoferroplatinum could also be detected in rock samples from the northeastern edge of the “Markov Depth” within the “Sierra Leone Fracture Zone” ( Sierra Leone Threshold ).
See also
literature
- Louis J. Cabri, Clive E. Feather: Platinum-iron alloys: a nomenclature based on a study of natural and synthetic alloys . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 13 , 1975, p. 117–126 ( rruff.info [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on December 29, 2017]).
- Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason , Abraham Rosenzweig: Dana's New Mineralogy . 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York (et al.) 1997, ISBN 0-471-19310-0 , pp. 24 .
- Michael Fleischer , GY Chao, JA Mandarino: New mineral names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 61 , 1976, p. 338–341 ( rruff.info [PDF; 530 kB ; accessed on December 29, 2017]).
- Vadim V. Distler, LA Bityutskaya, VV Kryachko, MA Yudovskaya, MV Grechkina, EV Bogatikov: The nanoblock structure of natural isoferroplatinum (Pt 3 Fe) and problem of quasicrystalline state of some platinum group minerals . In: Doklady Earth Sciences . tape 407 , 2006, pp. 335-338 , doi : 10.1134 / S1028334X06020413 .
- Stephen W. Parman, David R. Diercks, Brian P. Gorman, Reid F. Cooper: Atom probe tomography of isoferroplatinum . In: American Mineralogist . tape 100 , 2015, p. 852–860 , doi : 10.2138 / am-2015-4998 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Isoferroplatinum (Wiki)
- Mindat - Isoferroplatinum (English)
- Webmineral - Isoferroplatinum (English)
- RRUFF Database-of-Raman-spectroscopy - Isoferroplatinum (English)
- American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Isoferroplatinum (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 44 .
- ↑ a b c d Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
- ↑ a b Isoferroplatinum . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 62 kB ; accessed on December 29, 2017]).
- ↑ Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason , Abraham Rosenzweig: Dana's New Mineralogy . 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York (et al.) 1997, ISBN 0-471-19310-0 , pp. 24 .
- ↑ Harald G. Dill, Berthold Weber, Gustav Steyer: Isoferroplatinum from fluvial soaps in Kolbersbach near Zwiesel (Bavarian Forest) . In: Geologische Blätter Nordost-Bayern . tape 61 , no. 1–4 , 2011, pp. 57–64 ( available online at researchgate.net [accessed December 29, 2017]).
- ↑ a b List of sites for isoferroplatin in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat