Ferronickel platinum

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Ferronickel platinum
Ferronickelplatinum, Chromite-68413.jpg
Small ferronickel platinum nugget (diameter 4 mm) from the Urals region, Russia
General and classification
other names

IMA 1982-071

chemical formula
  • Pt 2 FeNi
  • Pt (Ni, Fe)
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		elements
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		1.AG.40 ( 8th edition : I / A.15)
02/01/04/03
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system tetragonal
Crystal class ; symbol ditetragonal-dipyramidal; 4 / m  2 / m  2 / m
Space group P 4 / mmm (No. 123)Template: room group / 123
Lattice parameters a  = 2.73  Å ; c  = 3.64 Å
Formula units Z  = 1
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 4.5 to 5 ( VHN 50 = 381–592, average 481)
Density (g / cm 3 ) not defined
Cleavage is missing
Break ; Tenacity ductile
colour silvery white
Line color not defined
transparency opaque (opaque)
shine Metallic luster

Ferronickel platinum is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of "elements (including natural alloys, intermetallic compounds, carbides, nitrides, phosphides and silicides)" with the chemical composition Pt 2 FeNi and is therefore chemically a natural alloy , more precisely an intermetallic compound made of platinum , nickel and iron in a ratio of 2: 1: 1.

Ferronickel platinum crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system , but has so far only been found in microcrystalline form. Ferronickel platinum occurs together with other platinum group minerals as irregular, slightly rounded or grape-like grains of up to 4.5 mm in size, with the mono-mineral areas only up to about 0.15 mm in size.

Ferronickelplatinum is opaque in every form and shows a metallic sheen on the silver-white grain surfaces .

Etymology and history

Ferronickel platinum was discovered for the first time in a soap deposit on the Pekulnei River in the Pekulnei Mountains of the same name in the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug belonging to Russia . The mineral was described by NS Rudashevsky, AG Mochalov, Yu. P. Men'shikov and NI Shumskaya, who named it based on its chemical composition.

The mineral description and chosen name were submitted for examination to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 1982 (internal register no. 1982-071). This recognized the mineral as independent in the same year. The publication of the new discovery followed the following year in the Russian science magazine "Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva" (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society) and was published in 1984 by Pete J. Dunn et al. when the new mineral names recognized by the IMA were announced .

The type material of the mineral is stored in the State Mining Institute in Saint Petersburg under catalog no. 1306/1 kept.

classification

Already in the outdated but still partially in use 8th edition of the mineral classification by Strunz of ferronickel platinum belonged to the mineral class of "elements" and then to the Department of "metals and intermetallic alloys (semimetals)" where he collaborated with Chengdeit , Isoferroplatin , Nielsenit , Tetraferroplatinum and tulameenite formed the unnamed group I / A.15 .

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the IMA, also assigns isoferroplatinum to the "Metals and intermetallic compounds" section. However, this is further subdivided according to the predominant metals in the compound, which have been divided into metal families according to their related properties. According to its composition, ferronickel platinum can be found in the subdivision " PGE metal alloys", where the "tetraferroplatinum group" with system no. 1.AG.40 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking area , also assigns ferronickel platinum to the class and there in the "Elements" department of the same name. Here it is also together with Tetraferroplatin, Tulameenit and Potarit in the " Tetraferroplatin group (space group P 4 / mmm ) " with the system no. 02/01/04 within the sub-section "Elements: Platinum Group Metals and Alloys".

Chemism

On the basis of six grains in a polished area, the analysis with the aid of the electron microprobe showed the chemical composition of 75.7–77.6% platinum, 10.4–11.0% iron, 10.2–11.7% nickel, 0, 27-0.69% iridium and 0.33-0.36 copper (98.41-100.76% in total), which corresponds to an empirical composition of (Pt 2.016 Ir 0.012 ) Fe 0.983 (Ni 0.962 Cu 0.027 ) or the idealized one Composition corresponds to Pt 2 FeNi. Analyzes of a further four grains showed variable but low contents of ruthenium , rhodium , palladium and cobalt . Due to the variable Cu-Ni content, however, it is assumed that ferronickel platinum forms a seamless series of mixed crystals with tulameenite (Pt 2 FeCu).

Crystal structure

Ferronickel platinum crystallizes tetragonally in the space group P 4 / mmm (space group no. 123) with the lattice parameters a  = 2.73  Å and c  = 3.64 Å and one formula unit per unit cell . Template: room group / 123

Education and Locations

At its type locality on the Pekulnei River, the mineral was found in the heavy mineral concentrates of quaternary , alluvial deposits together with ultramafites in an ophiolite band . Cherepanovite , chromite , cooperite , hollingworthite , irarsite , isoferroplatinum, laurite , olivine , rutheniridosmin , sperrylite and tetraferroplatinum appeared as accompanying minerals .

In Russia they found ferronickel platinum out of the river Pekulnei still in Koriak- Kamchatka - folding zone in the Far East and in Kytlym complex and at the nearby platinum mine Gosshakhta in the Sverdlovsk Oblast in the Urals .

Other sites known to date (as of 2018) are the Loma Peguera open pit nickel mine about 11 km northeast of Bonao in the Dominican Republic , the Bir Bir nehe Yubdo river in the Ethiopian region of Oromia , the Ophiolithe on Île Ouen in the municipality of Le Mont-Dore in New Caledonia, the Bushveld Complex in South Africa and an unspecified site near Nottingham Township in Chester County in the US state of Pennsylvania.

See also

literature

  • NS Rudashevsky, AG Mochalov, Yu. P. Men'shikov, NI Shumskaya: Ferronickelplatinum Pt 2 FeNi - a new mineral species . In: Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva . tape 112 , no. 4 , 1983, p. 487-494 .
  • Pete J. Dunn, Louis J. Cabri, James A. Ferraiolo, Joel D. Grice, John Leslie Jambor , Wolfgang Mueller, James E Shigley, Jacek Puziewicz and David A. Vanko: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 69 , 11 and 12, 1984, pp. 1190–1196 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 832 kB ; accessed on January 28, 2018]).
  • Peter Bayliss : Revised unit cell dimensions, space group, and chemical formula of some metallic minerals . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 28 , 1990, pp. 751-755 ( rruff.info [PDF; 436 kB ; accessed on January 28, 2018]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; September 2017 (PDF 1.67 MB; ferronickel platinum p. 61)
  2. ^ A b c Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  45 .
  3. ↑ Webmineral - Ferronickelplatinum (English)
  4. ↑ a b c Stefan Weiss: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
  5. ↑ a b ferronickel platinum . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 61  kB ; accessed on January 28, 2018]).
  6. ↑ NS Rudashevsky, AG Mochalov, Yu. P. Men'shikov, NI Shumskaya: Ferronickelplatinum Pt 2 FeNi - a new mineral species . In: Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva . tape 112 , no. 4 , 1983, p. 487-494 .
  7. ↑ a b Pete J. Dunn, Louis J. Cabri, James A. Ferraiolo, Joel D. Grice, John Leslie Jambor , Wolfgang Mueller, James E Shigley, Jacek Puziewicz and David A. Vanko: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 69 , 11 and 12, 1984, pp. 1190–1196 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 832 kB ; accessed on January 28, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Catalog of Type Mineral Specimens - F. (PDF 73 kB) In: docs.wixstatic.com. Commission on Museums (IMA), December 12, 2018, accessed August 29, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b List of locations for ferronickel platinum in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat