Nikolaus von Wassilko

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Nikolaus Ritter von Wassilko

Nicholas Knight of Wassilko ( Ukrainian Микола Миколайович Василько / Mykola Mykolaiowytsch Wassylko * 25. March 1868 in Lukawetz (Lucavăţ) ; † 2. August 1924 in Bad Reichenhall , buried in Berlin-Tegel ) and Nicolae or Nikolaj mentioned by name, was a Austrian, later Ukrainian politician and large landowner of Romanian origin.

biography

He graduated from the Theresian Academy in Vienna and inherited the goods of his father with the same first name in 1892, who had been married to the baroness Aglaia von Petrino-Armis. Following the example of Baron Alexander Wassilko von Serecki , he had Nikolausdorf built in 1892 for the settlement of German farmers.

Nikolaus Rr v. Wassilko around 1915
Nikolaus as Ukrainian minister with special powers in 1919, left

Nikolaus was politically active first in the conservative Romanian party. Since he could not hold a significant position in this, he turned in 1897 to the Ruthenian delegation, which had promised him functions within their party. Although at that time he spoke neither Russian nor Ukrainian, he ran for the rural district of Wischnitz (Vijnița) in 1898 and was elected to the Bukovinian state parliament for the first time in 1898 . He represented this district there until 1918. In a discourse before the Austrian Reichsrat, contrary to all historical facts, he said on March 1, 1900: " Bukovina is Slavic earth and it must remain Slavic."

Nicholas with son Hamilkar (1903)

In 1899 he also received a mandate in the House of Representatives of the Austrian Reichsrat and as a member of the National Democratic Party he was elected to this body in 1907, where he worked until 1918. and was one of the most influential Ruthenian MPs from Bukovina.

During the First World War he was a founding member of the Central Council of Ukraine of Vienna (1914) and the Central Council of Ukraine (1915). In this body he campaigned for the establishment of a Principality of Galicia - Volhynia within the dual monarchy after the war and was one of the organizers of the establishment of the voluntary Hutsul Corps , which then took part in the fighting against the Tsarist army in 1915/1916.

Thanks to his good connections to the Austro-Hungarian diplomats, he negotiated favorable terms for a future Ukraine in the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty and the signing of a secret treaty regarding the recognition of western Ukraine as an autonomous member of the Danube monarchy after the war.

After he had already become a member of the National Central Council of Ukraine in 1918 , after the establishment of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1919 he was sent to Switzerland as a representative of the People's Republic of Ukraine (not communist) with the rank of minister . In 1923 he was appointed President of the Ukrainian-exiled diplomatic missions and Ambassador of Ukraine to Germany.

Although he suffered from severe asthma , he died as a result of a stroke in a sanatorium in Bad Reichenhall and is buried in the Russian cemetery in Berlin-Tegel .

From the Romanian point of view, Nicholas was a traitor to the nation and a renegade. The well-known Romanian historian Teodor Bălan (1885–1972) once wrote about him: “He was an intriguer, opportunist and a sad figure in political life in Bukovina.” (A fost un intrigant, oportunist și o figură tristă a vieții politice din Bucovina.)

Even in the well-known Romanian-friendly newspaper "Bukowinaer Rundschau" of December 24th, 1899, a devastating character study about him can be read on page 2 under the heading "At the goal". His motives for changing the political front from the Romanian parliamentary group in the Bukovinian state parliament to the Ukrainian one, as well as his turning away from Nicolae, offspring of the old Romanian Vasilko / Vasilco family, to the “Ukrainian” Nikolaj, [later even Mykola], are described (see also below.).

The boulevard Mykola Wassilko (вул. Василька Миколи) in Chernivtsi was named after him by the Ukrainian authorities.

family

Nikolaus and Gerda Walden, Paris 1910

The politician was the son of the knight of the same name Nikolaus von Wassilko (* October 4, 1839; † 1892) and his wife Aglaia Freiin von Petrino-Armis and grandson of Demeter (Dimitrie) (* October 16, 1796; † 1856) and the Smaranda von Zotta (* July 16, 1807; † April 25, 1878), a brother of the Jordaki baron Wassilko von Serecki . Even if he liked to pass himself off as a baron, this title was not due to him, only that of a knight.

Nicholas married twice. In 1892 he married Olga von Gherghely (Gherghel), with whom he had four children: Hamilcar (1894–1965), Vera (* 1896 in Czernowitz ; † May 25, 1984 in Folkestone , Kent ), Tatiana (1897–1977) and Nadejda (1899-1977). After the early death of his wife, he married Jetty Winkler (alias Gerda Walde ), a Viennese chansonette of Jewish descent who is said to have been the mistress of the Shah of Persia.

His daughter Vera was painted in Vienna in 1926 as a stylish-looking young woman between two men, one light-skinned, the other dark-skinned, portraying her as a prisoner of her homosexuality, bound by social conventions and forced to play hide-and-seek, by Christian Schad , who is well acquainted with her was and valued her very much. She also falsely posed as a baroness.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Knights of Vasilko (1788)

Since Nikolaus did not descend from the baronial line of the family, he carried the knight's coat of arms from 1788. In several writings he is incorrectly listed as a baron, and once even as a count.

literature

  • The Flondora affair in the Bucovina parliament. According to the shorthand records . Chernivtsi 1903. Publishing house of the “Bukowinaer Post”, printed by Isidor Wiehler, Chernivtsi
  • Erich Prokopowitsch: The nobility in Bukowina . Verlag Der Südostdeutsche, Munich 1983.
  • Ion Nistor, Istoria Bucovinei, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti 1991
  • Ion Nistor - Unirea Bucovinei (Ed.Humanitas, București, 1991)
  • Ioan Cocuz - Partidele politice româneşti din Bucovina: 1862–1914 (Edition Cuvântul Nostru , Suceava, 2003)
  • Andreas Kappeler (Ed.): The Ukraine: Processes of nation formation , Böhlau Verlag , Vienna Cologne Weimar 2010, p. 264, ISBN 978-3-412-20659-8 .

Web links

Commons : Nikolaus von Wassilko  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.feefhs.org/journal/10/galicia.pdf
  2. ^ Ion Nistor - Unirea Bucovinei (Ed.Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1991), p. 268
  3. ↑ A. Геровский: ГАЛЕРЕЯ УКРАИНСКИХ ВОЖДЕЙ В АВСТРИИ. 1960.
  4. ↑ Ioan Cocuz: Partidele politice Româneşti din Bucovina: 1862-1914. Edition Cuvântul Nostru , Suceava 2003, p. 406.
  5. ↑ a b Sport & Salon No. 51, from Saturday, December 19, 1903, p. 6
  6. ^ Ion Nistor - Unirea Bucovinei (Ed.Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1991), p. 310
  7. ↑ Thomas Hensellek, The last years of the imperial Bukowina, studies on state politics in the Duchy of Bukowina, Diplomica Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 2011, pp. 105-108
  8. ↑ ЦДАВО України, Ф.3696, оп.2, спр.8, Арк.32 зв.
  9. ^ Ion Nistor - Unirea Bucovinei (Ed.Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1991), p. 374-375
  10. ↑ ЦДАВО України, Ф.3696, оп.2, спр.8, Арк.32 зв.
  11. ↑ The interesting sheet No. 33, from Thursday, August 14, 1924, p. 2
  12. ↑ Andreas Kappeler (Ed.) "The Ukraine: Processes of Nation-Building", which includes Kurt Scharr: "The Bukovina Landscape": The Becoming of a Region on the Periphery 1774–1918, Böhlauverlag GmbH and Co. KG, Vienna - Cologne - Weimar 2010, p. 264.
  13. ↑ Bukowinaer Rundschau No. 3205, from Sunday, December 24, 1899, p. 2
  14. ↑ Postcodes (here: 58025)
  15. ↑ Vera Wassilko
  16. ↑ Harry Graf Kessler , Wolfgang Pfeiffer-Belli (Ed.): “Diaries 1918–1937”, Edition 3, Verlag Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft , Darmstadt 1962, p. 351
  17. ^ Michael Sturdza: Genealogy Wassilko
  18. ↑ Painting see: The Paintrist Files, katve: Christian Schad, Baroness Vera Wassilko. In: tumblr.com , accessed April 16, 2018.
  19. ^ Lewd Awakening In: villagevoice.com , accessed April 16, 2018.
  20. ↑ Chapter 13: Summary In: diss.fu-berlin.de , accessed on April 16, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Wassilko, Nikolaus von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vasilco, Nicolae; Wassilko, canalerul Nicolae de; Василько, Николай Николаевич (Russian); Vasylʹko, Mykola; Wassilko, Nikolaus Ritter von (full name); Василько, Микола Миколайович (Ukrainian); Wassylko, Mykola Mykolaiowytsch (transcribed in Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian and Ukrainian politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Lucavăț
DATE OF DEATH August 2, 1924
Place of death Bad Reichenhall