Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic

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The Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic ( Ukrainian Директорія Української Народної Республіки Dyrektorija Ukrajinskoji Narodnoji Respubliky ) was the executive body (government) of the Ukrainian People's Republic that existed from November 14, 1918 to November 10, 1920 .

Directory in Kamjanez-Podilskyj 1919. From left to right: A. Makarenko, F. Schwez, S. Petljura

The Directory was founded in the night of November 13-14 , 1918 in Bila Tserkva by former leading members of the Central Rada in order to overthrow the Ukrainian State (Hetmanat) under Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyj , and after his overthrow became the highest state organ of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

The first Board consisted of five members of three political wings: a member of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' Party ( Українська соціал-демократична робітнича партія (УСДРП) ) were Volodymyr Vynnychenko as Chairman of the Board and Symon Petliura and Andriy Makarenko , of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Independent ( Українська партія соціалістів-самостійників (УПСС) ) came Opanas Andrijewskyj , and the Ukrainian party of socialist revolutionaries ( Українська партія соціалістів-революціонерів (УПСР) ) belonged Fedir Shvets on.

history

The armed uprising began the day after the Board was established and lasted exactly a month. On December 14, 1919, the government of the hetmanate surrendered power and immediately afterwards the Directory took control of the state power in Kiev and declared the restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Board of Directors subsequently abolished many laws and institutions of the Hetman government and restored the legislation of the Central Na Rada . The most important of these laws deal with land distribution, the introduction of the Ukrainian language as an official language, and the autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. In December 1918, without a declaration of war, Soviet Russia began aggression against Ukraine.

On December 24, 1918, the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Republic ( Раду народних міністрів Української Народної Республіки (РНМ) ) was appointed as the new government by the Directory, which originally had the following composition:

The Hotel Savoy in Vinnytsia - seat of the Executive Board in February 1919
  • Volodymyr Chekhivskyi , Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
  • Oleksandr Myzjuk ( Олександр Корнійович Мицюк ; 1883–1943), Minister of Internal Affairs
  • Mykyta Schapowal ( Микита Юхимович Шаповал ; 1882–1932), Minister of Land Affairs
  • Oleksandr Ossezkyj , Minister for Military Affairs
  • Mychajlo Bilynskyj ( Михайло Іванович Білинський ; 1883–1921), Minister for Maritime Affairs
  • Serhiy Ostapenko , Minister of Trade and Industry
  • Petro Cholodnyj , Minister of Education
  • Serhiy Scheluchin , Minister of Justice
  • Wassyl Masurenko ( Василь Петрович Мазуренко ; 1877–1937), Minister of Finance
  • Leonid Mychajliw ( Леонід Дмитрович Михайлів ; 1884 – after 1939), Minister of Labor
  • Pylyp Pylyptschuk ( Леонід Дмитрович Михайлів ; 1869–1940), head of the Ministry of Roads
  • Iwan Lypa , Minister for Religious Affairs
  • Ivan Schtefan ( Леонід Дмитрович Михайлів ; 1878–1938), Minister of Post and Telegraph
  • Dmytro Antonovytsch , Minister of Art
  • Borys Matjuschenko ( Борис Павлович Матюшенко ; 1883–1944), Minister of Public Health
  • Borys Martos , Minister of Food
  • Dmytro Symoniw ( Дмитро Львович Симонів ; 1883–1944), State Controller
  • Avram Rewuzkyj ( Аврам Самі́йлович Ревуцький ; 1889–1946), Minister for Jewish Affairs
  • I. Snishko ( І. Сніжко ), State Secretary
  • Ossyp Nasaruk ( Осип Тадейович Назарук ; 1883–1940), head of the press office

At the beginning of 1919 there were some personnel changes in the government: Mychajlo Korchynskyi ( Михайло Агафонович Корчинський ; 1885–1937) became State Secretary, I. Ohjenko ( І. Огєнко ) became Minister of Education and General Hrekov Affairs appointed. On January 31, 1919, the Board of Directors issued an order in which the entire composition of the government of Volodymyr Chekhivskyj was rejected and at the same time Serhiy Ostapenko was entrusted with the formation of a new Council of Ministers. However, the Chekhivskyi government continued to work for two weeks, as the Directory failed to create a strong, disciplined army and was evacuated to Vinnytsia under the pressure of the Bolshevik troops advancing into Kiev . On February 2nd, Vinnytsia became the temporary seat of government and the board of directors settled there on February 5th, 1919 in the Hotel Savoy . The whereabouts of the directorate adapted in the period that followed the war situation. So was sequentially Proskuriw , Rivne and finally Kamianets-Podilskyi seat of the Board. Volodymyr Vynnychenko, who saw himself no longer up to the responsibility, resigned from the board of directors on February 10, 1919 and Symon Petlyura took his place and continued the armed struggle against "red" and "white" Russia without foreign support. However, the remaining Ukrainian troops and the state leadership had to surrender to the onslaught of the Red Army in November 1920 and withdraw to Polish territory.

President of the Council of Ministers

  • Volodymyr Chekhivskyi (December 26, 1918 - February 13, 1919)
  • Serhiy Ostapenko (February 13, 1919 - April 9, 1919)
  • Borys Martos (April 10, 1919 - August 27, 1919)
  • Issaak Masepa (August 27, 1919 - May 26, 1920)
  • Vyacheslav Prokopovych (May 26, 1920 - November 10, 1920)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry on the Directory in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia ; accessed on May 2, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  2. ^ Entry on the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ; accessed on May 2, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  3. a b c d Entry on the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on May 2, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  4. a b c Governments of the Ukrainian People's Republic during the time of the Board of Directors - history in the government portal on the official website of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ; accessed on May 2, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  5. ^ Entry to the Directory of the Ukrainian National Republic in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ; accessed on May 2, 2019
  6. a b Directory of the UPR (December 1918 - November 1921) on the website of the Ukrainian Institute for National Remembrance ; accessed on May 3, 2019 (Ukrainian)