Niobium nitride
| General | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Niobium nitride | ||||||||||||||||||
| Molecular formula | NbN | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
black odorless solid |
||||||||||||||||||
| External identifiers / databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 106.92 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
||||||||||||||||||
| density |
8.40 g cm −3 |
||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point |
2573 ° C |
||||||||||||||||||
| solubility |
almost insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid |
||||||||||||||||||
| safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Niobium nitride is an inorganic chemical compound of niobium from the group of nitrides .
Extraction and presentation
Niobium nitride can be produced by reacting niobium with extremely purified nitrogen , ammonia or a mixture of the two compounds. Since the nitride is extremely sensitive to oxygen and water (even in traces) at high temperatures , the penetration of such substances (for example through double-walled pipes) must be prevented.
properties
With Nb 2 N and Nb 4 N 3 and niobium nitride NbN, a total of three niobium nitrides are known. They are dark-colored, semi-metallic substances, with nitrides with a high nitrogen content being lighter, yellowish-gray or brownish colors. Niobium nitride is a superconductor with a transition temperature of 16.5 K. Superconductivity was discovered in 1941 by Aschermann, Friederich, Justi and Kramer. Niobium nitride has a hexagonal crystal structure with the space group P 6 3 / mmc (space group no. 194) (other source: cubic sodium chloride structure ). At 1370 ° C it changes into a different crystal structure. Niobium nitride begins to oxidize in air at 800 ° C.
use
Niobium nitride is used as a detector material for infrared detectors , for superconducting magnets and for Josephson junctions .
literature
- Production of nitride layers by reactive sputtering and their characterization (PDF; 5.2 MB), diploma thesis, 1995
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f data sheet niobium nitride at AlfaAesar, accessed on June 25, 2013 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b Roger Blachnik (Ed.): Pocket book for chemists and physicists . Volume III: Elements, Inorganic Compounds and Materials, Minerals . founded by Jean d'Ans, Ellen Lax. 4th, revised and revised edition. Springer, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-540-60035-3 , pp. 632 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b Georg Brauer (Ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume III, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-432-87823-0 , p. 1472.
- ↑ G. Horn, E. Saur: Preparation and superconducting properties of niobium nitride and niobium nitride with addition of titanium , zirconium and tantalum . In: Journal of Physics. 210, 1968, pp. 70-79, doi : 10.1007 / BF01379871 .
- ↑ a b S. Banerjee, Dr. AK Tyagi: Frontiers of Thin Film Technology . Academic Press, 2000, ISBN 0-08-054294-8 , pp. 291 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Werner Martienssen, Hans Warlimont: Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data . Springer, 2005, ISBN 3-540-30437-1 , pp. 468 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Hugh O. Pierson: Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition, 2nd Edition: Principles, Technology ... William Andrew, 1999, ISBN 0-08-094668-2 , pp. 278 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Yukinobu Kumashiro: Electric Refractory Materials . CRC Press, 2000, ISBN 0-203-90818-X , pp. 303 ( limited preview in Google Book search).