Nitrobacter
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Nitrobacter is a genus of bacteria in the Bradyrhizobiaceae family . Species of this genus are found in soils , fresh water and in the sea. These are rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that oxidize nitrate ions (NO 2 - ) with oxygen (O 2 ) to nitrate ions (NO 3 - )for the purpose of generating energy under oxic conditions. They are therefore also referred to as nitrite oxidizers or nitrate bacteria . This oxidation is the second step in nitrification . Like many other nitrifying bacteria, Nitrobacter has an internal membrane system . The enzyme nitrite oxidase is locatedin the membranes and catalyzesthe oxidation of nitrite to nitrate.
In contrast to other nitrifiers, Nitrobacter is not obligately chemolithotrophic , so it can use CO 2 as the exclusive source of carbon, and organic substances, such as acetate and pyruvate , are also able to live chemoorganotrophically .
The genus was formerly part of the Nitrobacteraceae family, controversial among microbiologists .
The nitrification
Nitrification is part of the natural nitrogen cycle , whereby ammonia is oxidized to nitrate. Bacteria that are involved in this are called nitrifiers . The genus Nitrobacter is therefore of great ecological importance. In the first, preceding step of nitrification, ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) are oxidized to nitrite ions by other bacteria such as nitrosomonas - which are appropriately called "nitrosifiers" or "nitrite bacteria" . This is why one speaks of "ammonia oxidizers".
Nitrobacter and other nitrifying bacteria are often found in heavily polluted waters because there is a lot of ammonia there.
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literature
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Nitrobacter. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved January 3, 2018 .
