Nitrosomonadaceae

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Nitrosomonadaceae
Systematics
Classification : Creature
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Betaproteobacteria
Order : Nitrosomonadales
Family : Nitrosomonadaceae
Scientific name
Nitrosomonadaceae
( Garrity et al. 2006)

The Nitrosomonadaceae are a family of bacteria of the order Nitrosomonadales . These are nitrifying types of bacteria which metabolize ammonia (NH 3 ) to nitrate (NO 3 - ) and thereby gain energy.

features

  • Nitrosomonas : Single or short chains of rod-shaped or spherical cells. The cells are mostly polar flagellated, and many species use urea as asource ofammonium. The bacteria sometimes form aggregates. The individual species can be found in different habitats (e.g. in forest floors, eutrophic waters or in the sea)
  • Nitrosospira : The cells are spiral-shaped with 3–20 revolutions, spherical cells have also been observed. They are flagellated with up to six, 3–5 µm long flagellates peritrich. Nitrosospira was u. a. in forest soils and on rock surfaces, rarely also found in fresh water

Metabolism and ecology

Nitrosomonadaceae are aerobic , they need oxygen for metabolism. They are chemolithoautotrophic , i.e. That is, they can use inorganic electron donors (ammonia) to generate energy and are not dependent on organic energy and carbon sources. The oxidation of ammonia to nitrite brings electrons into an electron transport chain . A proton motor force is generated, which ultimately creates ATP . For carbon fixation , the nitrifying bacteria use the Calvin cycle , which is also used during photosynthesis in plants.

The nitrification is an important part of the natural nitrogen cycle; the ammonia oxidation of ammonia oxidizers (nitrite bacteria) such as Nitrosomonadaceae forms the first step. In the second step, nitrite oxidizers (nitrate bacteria ) oxidize nitrite ions to nitrate ions (NO 3 - ). The ammonia oxidizers usually have names that begin with nitroso- , while names of the nitrite bacteria begin with nitro- .

The Nitrosomonadaceae, like all nitrifying bacteria, occur in soil and water. Especially in areas where there is a lot of ammonia, such as B. in sewage treatment plants they are available in large quantities. Wastewater is generally rich in ammonia, which means that nitrite-infecting bacteria are also common in lakes or rivers into which wastewater is discharged.

Systematics

The family of the Nitrosomonadaceae is in the order of the Nitrosomonadales . This order belongs to the class of the Betaproteobacteria . Nitrosomonas is the type genus of the family and the order.

The following genera are included in the family (as of February 4, 2016):

The genus Nitrosolobus Watson et al. 1971 with one kind of the kind Nitrosospira was assigned as Nitrosospira multiformis . " Nitrosovibrio " Harms et al. 1976 is not a recognized genus of bacteria, only Nitrosospira tenuis uses the synonym “ Nitrosovibrio tenius ” (sic).

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literature

  • Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1
  • George M. Garrity: Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology . 2nd Edition. Springer, New York 2005, Vol. 2: The Proteobacteria Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria , ISBN 0-387-24145-0

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Family Nitrosomonadaceae. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved February 4, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Taxonomy Browser “Nitrosovibrio”. In: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website . Retrieved August 6, 2014 .

Web links

  • A little glimpse into the world of bacteria - AquaCare. Sellner, BR 1997: A little glimpse into the world of bacteria - biological metabolic processes in the aquarium using the example of nitrogen oxidation (nitrification).