Nivalenol

Structural formula
General
Surname	Nivalenol
other names	NIV; (1 S , 2 R , 3 S , 7 R , 9 R , 10 R , 11 S , 12 R ) -3,10,11-trihydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl) -1,5-dimethylspiro [8-oxatricyclo [ 7.2.1.0 2.7 ] dodec-5-en-12,2'-oxirane] -4-one;
Molecular formula	C 15 H 20 O 7
Brief description	colorless, crystalline powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	621-749-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.150.573
PubChem	440908
Wikidata	Q27107536
properties
Molar mass	312.32 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	222 ° C
solubility	easily soluble in polar organic solvents
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger
H and P phrases	H: 300-310-330
	P: 260-264-280-284-301 + 310-302 + 350
Toxicological data	5 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ; 19.5 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Nivalenol (NIV) is a mycotoxin (mold toxin) from the trichothecenes group . It arises as a metabolic product of various fungi of the genus Fusarium . Nivalenol has a skin-irritating, nauseating and immunosuppressive effect.

Occurrence

In a study of American rivers, deoxynivalenol was the second most frequently detected mycotoxin.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b sheet Nivalenol ( Memento of 22 August 2010 at the Internet Archive ) at Biopure.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on Nivalenol in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), accessed on July 31, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b Nivalenol hydrate data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 18, 2017 ( PDF ).

↑ Mycotoxins - the invisible enemy ( Memento from December 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 91 kB). In: VGM magazine, issue 3/07.

↑ USGS message: Toxins Produced by Molds Measured in US Streams , according to doi : 10.1016 / j.scitotenv.2013.09.062 .

[biopure-1] sheet Nivalenol ( Memento of 22 August 2010 at the Internet Archive ) at Biopure.

[ChemID-2] Entry on Nivalenol in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), accessed on July 31, 2019.

[Sigma-3] Nivalenol hydrate data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 18, 2017 ( PDF ).

[4] Mycotoxins - the invisible enemy ( Memento from December 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 91 kB). In: VGM magazine, issue 3/07.

[5] USGS message: Toxins Produced by Molds Measured in US Streams , according to doi : 10.1016 / j.scitotenv.2013.09.062 .