Nysa on the meander
Coordinates: 37 ° 54 ′ 6 ″ N , 28 ° 8 ′ 48 ″ E
Nysa am Mäander (Greek Νύσα; Latin Nysa ad Maeandrum ) is an ancient city in Caria ( Asia Minor ) on the border with Lydia and is located about 30 km east of Aydın , about 2 km northwest of today's place Sultanhisar in the Turkish province of Aydın .
Nysa lies on the northern edge of the Meander Plain , on the fore-hills of the Mesogis Mountains; the urban area is cut north-south by a brook gorge.
The name allegedly goes back to Nysa, an otherwise unknown wife of Antiochus I , or can more likely be traced back to Nysa , Dionysus ' wet nurse . In ancient times, Nysa was one of the places where Dionysus is said to have been brought up. It is unclear whether the city was created by Synoikismos of the place Athymbra with the two neighboring places Athymbrada and Hydrela. Since the 3rd century BC She was Seleucid . The name Nysa has been used since the 2nd century BC. Used.
In the imperial era, Nysa was known as a center of learning, the historian Strabo grew up here around 50 BC. Chr. On. The stoic Apollonios and the Homer philologist Menecrates came from Nysa . In late antiquity, Nysa was a bishopric in Eparchia Asia.
Among the archaeological remains, the bridge of Nysa deserves special mention, an approximately 100 m long overbuilding of the deep brook gorge, which functioned as a substructure for the theater forecourt and is considered to be the second longest of its kind in antiquity. The well-preserved ancient theater was built in the late Hellenistic-early August period and was expanded in two further construction phases in the 2nd century AD. The scenae frons is decorated with scenes from the childhood story of Dionysus. Furthermore, a Gerontikon ( Buleuterion ), a gymnasium , thermal baths , the agora and an imperial library building have been preserved.
Nysa owes its prosperity in the imperial era to the sanctuary of Pluton and the Kore in Acharaka, 4 km to the west, with its famous sulfur healing springs.
In 1907 and 1909 the first archaeological investigations were carried out by Lieutenant Walther von Diest , in the 1960s excavations of the Museum of İzmir at the theater and in the Buleuterion, 1982–1988 by the Museum of Aydın in the theater. A team from Ankara University under the direction of Vedat İdil has been digging in Nysa since 1990 . Since 2002 the library has been excavated by archaeologists from the University of Freiburg under the direction of Volker Michael Strocka .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus Grewe, Ünal Özis and others: The ancient river overburden of Pergamon and Nysa (Turkey) , in: Antike Welt , Vol. 25, No. 4 (1994), pp. 348–352 (352).
literature
- George Ewart Bean : Nysa (Sultanhisar) Turkey . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- Walther von Diest: Nysa ad Maeandrum, based on research and recordings in 1907 and 1909 (= yearbook of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Supplement 10). Reimer, Berlin 1913.
- Vedat İdil: Nysa ve Akharaka = Nysa and Acharaca . Yaşar Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfı, Istanbul 1999, ISBN 975-6934-04-2 .
- Musa Kadıoğlu: The Scaenae Frons of the theater of Nysa on the meander (= research in Nysa on the meander. Volume 1). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2006, ISBN 3-8053-3610-1 (also dissertation, University of Freiburg im Breisgau 2002, original version online ).
- Musa Kadıoğlu: The Opus Sectile floor from the Gerontikon Bouleuterion by Nysa ad Maeandrum. In: Asia Minor Studies , Volume 34, 1999, pp. 175-188. Plates 34–35. Turkish translation: Menderes Nysası Bouleuterion-Gerontikon'u Opus Sectile Döşemesi. In: Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Dergisi , Volume 1, 2000, pp. 9-16.
- Musa Kadıoğlu, Philip von Rummel: Early Byzantine finds from the theater of Nysa am Maeander. In: Anadolu / Anatolia , Volume 24, 2003, pp. 103-119.
- Musa Kadıoğlu: Two Corinthian capitals from Nysa on the meander. In: C. Özgünel et al. (Ed.): Günışığında Anadolu. Cevdet Bayburtluoğlu için yazılar / Anatolia in Daylight. Essays in Honor of C. Bayburtluoğlu. Homer Kitabevi, Galatasaray (İstanbul) 2001, pp. 156-161.
- Vedat İdil, Musa Kadıoğlu: 2003 Yılı Nysa Kazı ve Restorasyon Çalışmaları. In: Kazı Sonuçları Toplantıları , Volume 26.1, 2004 (2005), pp. 387-400.
- Vedat İdil, Musa Kadıoğlu: 2004 Yılı Nysa Kazı ve Restorasyon Çalışmaları. In: Kazı Sonuçları Toplantıları , Volume 27.2, 2005 (2006), pp. 131–146.
- Musa Kadıoğlu: Menderes Nysası'ndan Bir Kantar / A quick scale from Nysa on the meander. In: E. Öztepe, Musa Kadıoğlu (ed.): Patronvs. Coşkun Özgünel'e 65th Yaş Armağanı / Festschrift for Coşkun Özgünel on his 65th birthday. Homer Kitabevi, Istanbul 2007, pp. 229-235.
- Vedat İdil, Musa Kadıoğlu: 2005 Yılı Nysa Kazı ve Restorasyon Çalışmaları. In: Kazı Sonuçları Toplantıları , Volume 28.1, 2006 (2007), pp. 647-670.
- Musa Kadıoğlu: Preliminary report on the work in the Gerontikon of Nysa on the Meander (2006–2009). In: Yearbook of the German Archaeological Institute , Volume 126, 2011, pp. 107–154.
- Musa Kadıoğlu: The Geronticon of Nysa on the meander (= research in Nysa on the meander. Volume 3). Philipp von Zabern, Darmstadt 2014, ISBN 978-3-8053-4851-5 .
