Ode (bible)

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Oden ( ancient Greek Ὠδαί , Latin cantica , 'songs', 'chants') is the name for a collection of 14 chants and prayers from the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament ) and from the New Testament .

They first appear as an appendix to the Book of Psalms in two Septuagint manuscripts of the 6th and 7th centuries. This collection was referred to by the Old Testament scholar Alfred Rahlfs in his text-critical edition of the Septuagint in 1935 as the Book of Odes .

history

The odes can be found in the Codex Alexandrinus (A) from the 5th century, the Codex Veronensis (R), a manuscript of the Septuagint from the 6th century, and in the Codex Turicensis (T) from the 7th century, also in Codex 55 (after Rahlfs) from the 10th century. The odes are not yet included in the Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus . It later appears in most medieval Greek psalteries since the 12th century.

The 14 Odes

  1. Song of Moses ( Ex 5.1–19  EU )
  2. Song of Moses ( Dtn 32.1–43  EU )
  3. Prayer of Anna, mother of the prophet Samuel ( 1 Sam 2.1–10  EU )
  4. Prayer of the Prophet Habakkuk ( Hab 3.2–19  EU )
  5. Prayer of the prophet Isaiah ( Isa 26,9-20  EU )
  6. Prayer of the prophet Jonas ( Jonah 2, 3–10  EU )
  7. Prayer of the three holy children ( Dan 3, 26–56  EU ), (Septuagint)
  8. Song of the three holy children ( Dan 3,57-88  EU ), (Septuagint)
  9. Song of the Theotokos ( Magnificat ), ( Lk 1.46–55  EU ) and
    prayer of Zacharias (Benedictus), ( Lk 1.68–79  EU )
  10. Song of Isaiah ( Isa 5,1-9  EU )
  11. Prayer of Hezekiah ( Isa 38 : 10-20  EU )
  12. Prayer of Manasseh (Jewish apocryphal text according to 2 Chr 33.11-13  EU )
  13. Prayer of Simeon ( Nunc dimittis ), ( Lk 2,29–32  EU )
  14. Prayer for every morning ( Gloria in Excelsis Deo ), according to Lk 2,14  EU , Ps 144,2  EU and Ps 118,12  EU

The seventh and eighth odes can be found in the Septuagint, but are missing in the Masoretic text base and thus also in many Protestant Bible translations.

In the Orthodox liturgy

As a cantica, the first nine odes are a fundamental part of the canon , a hymn that is sung in the liturgy of the Orthodox churches on weekdays. They serve as a thematic basis for an ode with further chants (hymns). Each of these hymns takes up the spiritual theme of the corresponding biblical passage and connects it with the theme of the daily liturgy.

Editions and translations

Wikisource: The Odes in the Greek Urtext  - Sources and Full Texts
  • The Book of Odes. In: Septuagint German. The Greek Old Testament in German translation. Stuttgart 2009, pp. 899-914.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Rahlfs (Ed.): Septuaginta . Reduced edition in one volume (1935). tape 2 . German Bible Society, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-438-05121-4 , pp. 164-183 .
  2. ↑ Codex 65, 66, 67, 69, 99, 100, 101, 102 etc. (from 12th century)