Oguzname

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The Oguzname (also Oguzname , Oguz name , something like "Book of Oguz") which is the origin legend of the Oğuz Turks ( Oghuz ), the north of the Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal lived. It is one of the earliest historical texts about the origin of the Turkic peoples . The oldest surviving version dates from the 15th century and is written in a late Uighur - Mongolian script . It goes back to a text that was probably written in Turfan at the end of the 13th / beginning of the 14th century . The legend is about the mythological figure of Oguz Khagan and the origin of the Oghus tribes from his six sons.

It does not yet show any relation to Islam , although there are old Turkish aspects . The intention was to spread the Mongolian faith. The Oguzname can also be found in a modified form in later documents, for example in the universal history of Raschīd ad-Dīn or in Dede Korkut .

Legend

The story begins with the birth of Oguz. He grows up quickly and worships only one god. Finally, a girl falls in front of him with a blue light from heaven, which he takes and after a short time gives birth to three children. They were called sun (Gün), moon (Ay) and star (Yıldız). His second wife, whom he finds in a tree trunk by the lake, gave him three sons, Himmel (Gök), Berg (Dağ) and See (Deniz). ( At this point the Oguz name is incomplete. ) Oguz becomes ruler and calls on the neighboring countries to recognize this rule, otherwise war threatens. A gray wolf that appears again and again helps him to conquer it. His minister sees in a dream a large golden arch that extends from sunrise to sunrise. On this bow there are silver arrows, which also fly north. After this dream, Oguz sends his older sons to the east and his three younger sons to the west to find bows and arrows. Oguz explains to his sons how they should continue to rule the world and divides his empire between the sons at a 40-day feast. The three older sons, who later formed the Bozok tribal confederation , sat on his right, and the younger, the Üçok , on his left. According to the names of the sons, these tribes were again divided into Günhan, Ayhan, Yıldızhan, Gökhan, Dağhan and Denizhan, which are still common Turkish names today. This seating arrangement also applied to later tribal gatherings.

scope

The probably oldest copy in Uighur script from the 15th century is in the French National Library under the shelf mark Supplément Turc, no. 1001. The text consists of 42 sheets of nine lines each and a total of around 2500 words. Beginning and end and missing and the middle has some gaps. The Oguzname raises numerous linguistic, philological , historical and literary questions that have been the subject of much research. Although the epic is written in prose , it shows alliteration and rhythms .

literature

  • Oguzname. In: Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Hrsg.): Kindlers Literatur Lexikon . Volume 12: Nel - Pil. 3rd, completely revised edition. Stuttgart u. a .: Metzler, 2009, ISBN 978-3-476-04000-8 , pp. 270-271.
  • Osman Fikri Sertkaya: Some new readings and suggestions for interpretation of the legend of Oghuz Kaghan. In: Altorientalische Forschungen Volume 20, 1993, pp. 360–368 ( Snippet )
  • Karl Reichl: Turkic epic oral poetry. Traditions, Forms, Poetic Structure . In: The Albert Bates Lord studies in oral tradition . Vol. 7. Garland, New York / London 1992, pp. 33–39 (American English, PDF; 6.42 MB ).
  • Jonathan Ratcliffe: Reappraising the Strata and Value of the Turfan Oğuz Nāme and Preliminary Translation . S. 1–42 ( digitized on academia.edu ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b K. Reichl, 1996, p. 34.
  2. ^ Hans Wilhelm Haussig , Egidius Schmalzriedt : Dictionary of Mythology. Volume VII. Gods and Myths in Central Asia and Northern Eurasia. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1999, p. 253 ( digitized version )
  3. ↑ Serpil Oppermann, Ufuk Özdağ, Nevin Özkan, Scott Slovic (eds.): The Future of Ecocriticism: New Horizons. Cambridge, 2011.
  4. ^ Reinhold Merkelbach: Hestia and Erigone: lectures and essays. 22. The division of the people into groups of two and three among the Romans and elsewhere. Stuttgart / Leipzig: Teubner, 1996, p. 451 ( digitized version ).