Karluk languages

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The classification proposed here ("Uyghur languages" with two subgroups, "Western" and "Eastern Uyghur languages") and thus also the lemma proposed here is not documented in either of the two cited sources. In particular, the unsubstantiated claim that Uzbek is one of the "Uighur languages" (or, more precisely, one of the "West Uighur languages") is highly controversial.

The Karluk languages or Southeast Turkish languages are a branch of the Turkic languages . Today they include West Karlovy Vary and East Karlovy Vary with a total of around 35 million native speakers. The Chagatai literary language, documented from the 15th century, is based on the Karluk language - in addition, however, it has taken up a lot of vocabulary from Persian - and can be regarded as the immediate forerunner of the modern Karluk languages.

Today's Karluk languages ​​and their dialects are:

  • Western Carlukian
    • Uzbek and its dialects . The so-called Oghus-Uzbek is a transition dialect into Turkmen . The Kyptschak-Uzbek , which represents a transition into Kazakh , has a similar function in Uzbek .

Yugur and Salarian are nowadays partly counted among the south-east Turkish or Karluk languages, but are descendants of other geographical branches of the Turkic languages. Yugur is probably a north-eastern (Siberian) Turkic language, Salar comes from the Oghus branch.

The Altuigurische counts also for the northeast or the Siberian branch (it is an early form of West Yugurischen or near with him related), that is not a direct ancestor of the so-called modern Uygur.

language Number of speakers mainly widespread in the following countries (with number of speakers)
Uzbek 24 million Uzbekistan 20 million, Afghanistan 1.5 million, Tajikistan 1 million, Kyrgyzstan 750,000,
Kazakhstan 400,000, Turkmenistan 300,000, PR China ( Xinjiang Autonomous Region ) 2,500 (of approx. 12,400 Uzbeks)
Uighur 8 million PR China ( Xinjiang Autonomous Region ) 7.2 million, Kyrgyzstan 500,000, Kazakhstan 300,000, Uzbekistan
Yugur 5,000 PR China ( Gansu Province )
Ainu 7,000 PR China ( Xinjiang Autonomous Region )
Ili Turki 120 PR China ( Ili Autonomous District, Xinjiang Autonomous Region )

credentials

  1. ↑ Lars Johanson Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map (PDF; 305 kB)
  2. ↑ Lars Johanson Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map (PDF; 305 kB), p. 19.
  3. ↑ Lars Johanson, Éva Csató The Turkic languages , 1998, p. 83.