Kipchak languages

Kipchak dialects

The Kipchak or north-west Turkish languages are a branch of the Turkic languages , the distribution of which extends from Europe through Central Asia to China and which include around 20 million native speakers.

structure

Ancient Kipchak languages

Kipchak (†)
Cuman or Coman (†)

Modern Kipchak languages

Linguistically related to these languages, one still counts the Urum of the Graecotatars . Both Urum and Crimean Tatar are genuinely Kipchak languages, but they are influenced by the oghusian . It is also assumed that the language of at least some of the Mamluks belonged to the western branch of Kipchak.

In addition, some Turkologists break down Karachay-Balkar, which is two dialects of a single language, into the “individual languages” Karachay and Balkar .

classification

Turkic languages
- Kipchak ( Northwest Turkish )
  - West Crimean Tatar, Urum, Crimchak, Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar, Karaim, Kipchak and Kuman both †
  - North Tatar, Bashkir
  - South Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Nogai

language	Number of speakers	mainly widespread in the following countries (with number of speakers)
Karaim	nearly †	Lithuania 20, Ukraine <10, Poland <10
Kumyk	280,000	Russia ( Dagestan )
Karachay-Balkar	250,000	Russia ( Karachay-Cherkessia , Kabardino-Balkaria )
Crimean Tatar	500,000	Ukraine 200,000, Uzbekistan 190,000, Kyrgyzstan 40,000
Urum (language)	190,000	Ukraine , Georgia , Greece
Crimean Chakish	~ 100	Ukraine , Israel , Russia
Tatar	6.5 million	Russia 5.3 million, Uzbekistan 470,000, Kazakhstan 330,000, Kyrgyzstan 70,000, Tajikistan 80,000, Turkmenistan 50,000, Ukraine 90,000, Azerbaijan 30,000 ethnic Tatars : 6.6 million
Bashkir	1.8 million	Russia 1.7 million, Uzbekistan 35,000, Kazakhstan 20,000
Nogaisch	70,000	Russia ( North Caucasus )
Karakalpak	400,000	Uzbekistan
Kazakh	11 million	Kazakhstan 8 million, PR China 1 million, Uzbekistan 800,000, Russia 650,000, Mongolia 100,000
Kyrgyz	3.7 million	Kyrgyzstan 3.3 million, Uzbekistan 200,000, PR China 200,000