Turkology

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The Turkish Studies is the study of the languages, literature, history, religions and the spiritual and material culture of the Turkic peoples in the past and present.

The Turkish labor migration of the last decades expanded the traditional research area of Turkic Studies considerably in terms of content and geography.

Subject of Turkology

The geographical area of ​​the Turkic peoples has expanded considerably in the last few decades due to migration , originally it ranged from today 's People's Republic of China to southeast Europe and from the far north of Russia (see also Siberia ) to the countries of the Middle East .

The population of all Turkic-speaking nations, ethnic groups and minorities is at least 300 million today. The UNESCO had determined in the 1980s that the Turkic languages , a number of speakers from around 200 million can be accepted if the individuals be added who speak a Turkic language as a second or third language. Today, due to the population growth, a higher number can be assumed, but the number of speakers should not generally be confused with ethnicity (see also Turkic peoples ). The earliest texts are dated to the period from 600 to 800 AD.

Today the different Turkish peoples belong to different religions. The most important religions include Islam , Christianity , Buddhism , Judaism and indigenous religions. Manichaeism also played a role historically . The majority of the members of the Turkic peoples are Muslims, especially of the Sunni denomination. Nowadays only the Yugur and the Tuwiner are followers of Buddhism .

In addition to historical material, the Turkish Studies course teaches at least two Turkish languages ​​- the first language is always Turkish . The second language is different, for example the FU Berlin has Tatar as a second language on the plan.

Science and research

Turkologists research by means of and on source texts and testimonies of the material culture of the various Turkic peoples as well as the linguistic and cultural exchange with neighboring peoples since the 8th century AD.

The main focus of research in Turkic Studies is in the Republic of Turkey or in the Ottoman Empire , the Turkic Republics and Central Asia .

Study opportunities

Turkology is classified as a minor subject in German university policy .

Occupational fields

There is a need for qualified workers in the following fields:

Within these occupational fields, activities in the following areas are conceivable:

  • Turkological research: Universities and other research institutions, national and international (with targeted continuation of studies beyond the BA area)
  • Care of Turkish migrants
  • Interculturality
  • Social work
  • Native-speaking supplementary lessons in Turkish
  • German as a foreign language (with appropriate additional qualifications)
  • Advice to ministries and other political bodies e.g. B. in the creation of curricula, curricula, Islam conference etc.
  • Foreign service
  • Economy: internationally operating companies, chambers of industry and commerce
  • Cultural and educational institutions
  • Media: Experts for Turkish culture, history, politics (especially with a corresponding core / minor combination or additional qualification)
  • Turkey and Europe
  • Fight against crime, internal and external security

Researcher

See also

literature

With contributions on the history and status of Ottoman and Turkic Studies in German-speaking countries, in the USA, China, Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia and Syria (in English and Turkish) as well as in France, Japan, Hungary, Poland, Egypt, Azerbaijan and Bosnia-Herzegovina (only in Turkish) and in Algeria (in French and Turkish).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Small Subjects: Locations of Turkology on the Small Subjects portal , accessed on April 23, 2019