Oleg Ivanovich Lobov

Oleg Ivanovich Lobov ( Russian Олег Иванович Лобов , scientific transliteration Oleg Ivanovič Lobov ; born September 7, 1937 in Kiev ; † September 6, 2018 ) was a Russian politician and long-time companion and close confidante of President Boris Yeltsin . He was considered a hardliner and Yeltsin's liaison to the military-industrial complex . As Secretary of the Security Council , he was a driving force behind the First Chechen War in 1994/96.

Soviet Union

Lobow studied civil engineering at the Institute for Rail Transport in Rostov-on-Don and worked in construction for 15 years. In 1972 he became a functionary of the CPSU in Sverdlovsk and later, under Yeltsin, the second party secretary of the Sverdlovsk Oblast . The headquarters of the CP brought Yeltsin and Lobov to Moscow in 1985. Yeltsin became city party leader, Lobov party controller with the rank of Central Committee inspector. After Yeltsin's dismissal as Moscow party leader in 1987, Lobov became Vice Prime Minister in the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union . In 1989, he was appointed deputy party leader of the Armenian Communist Party for a year and a half in order to prevent the country's independence efforts. He organized the reconstruction there after the earthquake disaster in 1988 with 25,000 dead. The attempt to neutralize the independence movement failed. After the founding of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Republic in 1990, Lobow was defeated in the election as First Secretary of the party Ivan Poloskow .

Coup

In 1991, Yeltsin was elected President of Russia and Lobov returned to Moscow. During the August coup in Moscow in 1991, Yeltsin sent Lobov to Sverdlovsk, so that if Yeltsin was arrested by the putschists, he should lead the democratic resistance and prepare a government in exile. In 1991, Yeltsin made Lobov Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Soviet Republic Ivan Silayev . Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Lobov was acting Prime Minister of the RSFSR for a short time (September 26, 1991 to November 6, 1991) , before Yeltsin took over the post of Prime Minister of Russia in addition to the post of President. After the failed coup attempt of responsible governance radical reformer and Prime Minister wanted to Yegor Gaidar the apparatchik not have the Cabinet Lobov, Lobov took the honorary post of Chief of Advisors of the President.

Economics Minister

In late 1992, the Supreme Soviet overthrew Gaidar as prime minister. Viktor Chernomyrdin became prime minister and Lobov returned to the cabinet. As a hapless Minister of Economics and first Vice-Prime Minister (April 15, 1993 - September 18, 1993) under Chernomyrdin, Lobow tried to run his ministry in the style of a Soviet budget . He opposed the privatization of key industries ( heavy industry ) and banks. After winning the presidential election, Yeltsin again supported Gaidar in the election campaign, which is why Lobow had to leave the cabinet again.

Security Council and Chechnya War

Thereafter, Yeltsin promoted Lobov to the important post of Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation (September 18, 1993 - June 18, 1996) as successor to Marshal Yevgeny Shaposhnikov , and on August 25, 1995 he appointed him Special Representative (permanent representative) for Chechnya , responsible for peace negotiations. The Security Council, founded by Yeltsin in 1992, was originally only given advisory activities. With the important "power" ministries for foreign affairs, finance, defense and the interior, the prime minister, the chairmen of the two chambers of parliament, as well as the heads of the foreign intelligence service, the internal intelligence service and the border troops of Russia , the secretary was de facto above parliament and government . The secretary coordinates the military, the security forces and the secret services; he was authorized to give instructions to the power ministries. The Security Council has been christened the new Politburo by the liberal press and as the “second government” or “junta” by other observers. In the conflict over Chechnya, Lobov relies on a violent solution. The invasion of Chechnya was first voted in the Security Council (November 29, 1994) without consulting the other institutions. Before the election of the President and the first Chechen war Lobov said in 1994 at a Duma deputies "It's not about Russia's integrity, we need a small victorious war, to lift Yeltsin survey results" . On September 20, 1995, Lobov escaped a bomb attack in Chechnya. On June 18, 1996, General Alexander Lebed took over the post of Secretary of the Security Council, on August 10, 1996, Yeltsin transferred the post of Special Representative to Lebed, and Lobow was again first Vice-Prime Minister (June 18, 1996 - August 14, 1996), after that Deputy Prime Minister until March 17, 1997.

After heart surgery and an eight-month break, Yeltsin announced a government reshuffle in March 1997, which Lobov also fell victim to on March 17.

In 1992 Lobow met with Shoko Asahara , the founder of the Japanese Aum sect , and gave the sect access to Russia.

literature

• Thomas Urban , Oleg Lobow Secretary of the Russian Security Council , In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, No. 294, December 22, 1994, page 4
• Elfie Siegel, The Destroyer , In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 303, December 30, 1994, page 8
• Christian Schmidt-Häuer , Russia's Prime Minister Chernomyrdin wants to end the Chechnya war, which President Yeltsin's aides broke off the fence. , In: Die Zeit, No. 27, June 30, 1995
• Christian Schmidt-Häuer, Russian President Yeltsin wants to pull himself out of the Chechen swamp , In: Die Zeit, No. 8, February 17, 1995

Web links

• Biography (English)
• Tabular CV (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Obituary , accessed September 15, 2018
2. ↑ Süddeutsche, January 19, 1995, p. 6
3. ↑ Süddeutsche, December 9, 2004, p. 8