Orhan I.

Tughra of Orhan I.

Orhan I. , ( Ottoman اورخان غازی İA Orḫan Ġāzī , Turkish Orhan Gazi ;) (* 1281 in Reyhanli / Bilecik ; † probably 1359 in Bursa , according to other sources † 1362), was the son of Osman I and his wife Malchatun and Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1326 to his Death.

Life

He was the first Ottoman ruler to give himself the title of sultan . His wives were Nilüfer Hatun , daughter of the Yarhisar lord, Teodora Hatun , daughter of Kantakuzenos, and Asporça Hatun , daughter of Andronikos III.

Under Orhan, the Ottomans conquered large parts of north-western Asia Minor: in 1326 after years of siege that had begun under Osman, Bursa, 1331 Nikaia (today İznik ), 1337 Nicomedeia, today's İzmit . Further to the east, in 1354 he conquered Angora, which was then still rather insignificant, today Ankara . Orhan made Bursa temporarily (1326 to 1365/1366) the capital of the Ottomans. He himself, his father Osman I and Sultan Mehmed I are buried in Bursa. When Orhan became Sultan, the Ottoman Empire was 16,000 km². Thirty-three years later, the Ottoman Empire was six times as large with 95,000 km².

Since the capture of Gallipoli by the Byzantines in 1354, the Ottoman Empire also included areas on the European continent and controlled the Dardanelles . Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha was under him from 1320 to 1331 the first Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. His successor was Suleiman Pascha, the eldest son of Orhan, who died in 1357 and was therefore not Orhan's successor as Sultan.

Orhan was referred to in Ottoman historiography as the founder of the Janissary Corps . Modern historians assume, however, that his successor Murad I was responsible for it.

Film adaptations

• Kuruluş / Osmancık (The Foundation / Osmancık), feature film, Turkey 1987, a TRT production, screenplay: Tarık Buğra, with Yaşar Alptekin as Orhan Gazi

literature

• Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922. The story of a great power . Marix, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-937715-25-8 .
• Josef Matuz: The Ottoman Empire. Baseline of its history. 4th edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-20020-9 .
• Gabriel Effendi Noradounghian : Recueil d'actes internationaux de l'Empire Ottoman 1300–1789. Tome I. Paris, Neufchâtel 1897. (Reprint: Kraus, Nendeln 1978, ISBN 3-262-00527-4 )
• Anton Cornelius Schaendlinger: Orhan I . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 3. Munich 1979, pp. 357-359

Web links

Commons : Orhan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Orhan, Sultan - Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300–1922 . Regensburg 1994, ISBN 3-7917-1369-8 , p. 100 ff.
2. ↑ Kinross, pp. 48-52.
3. ↑ "Kuruluş / Osmancık", TV Dizisi 1987 , sinematurk.com

predecessor	Office	successor
Osman I.	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1326–1359	Murad I.