Orso Mario Corbino
Orso Mario Corbino (born April 30, 1876 in Augusta (Sicily) , † January 23, 1937 in Rome ) was an Italian physicist and politician .
Life
Corbino studied physics at the University of Palermo with a laureate degree in 1896, where he was assistant and from 1904 professor at the University of Messina (full professor from 1907) and from 1908 professor of experimental physics and director of the physics institute at the University of Rome .
Numerous well-known Italian physicists were his students in Rome or at his institute: Enrico Fermi , Franco Rasetti , who was his assistant, Emilio Segrè , Edoardo Amaldi , Ettore Majorana , Bruno Pontecorvo and others. a. After the headquarters of the Institute of Corbino, this group around Fermi was nicknamed Ragazzi di Via Panisperna . Fermi made his institute one of the centers of nuclear and neutron physics and Corbino also initiated the establishment of an institute for electroacoustics in 1936, the institute for experimental acoustics later named after him.
As a physicist, he was known for researching magneto-optical effects. The Macaluso-Corbino effect is named after him and Damiano Macaluso , the rotation of the plane of polarization due to external magnetic fields at wavelengths close to the absorption line of the irradiated material. The Corbino effect is a variant of the Hall effect in a disc.
He dealt with many different areas. For example, he built high-voltage generators for X-ray tubes used in medicine, he undertook experiments in stress optics that confirmed the theories of the elasticity theory of Vito Volterra , and he studied the specific heat of metals at high temperatures.
He came into contact with politics through his commitment to the generation of electricity from hydropower and the cooperation with the patent office. In 1917 he became President of the Council for Hydropower (Consiglio superiore delle acque) and in 1923 of the Council for Public Works (Consiglio superiore dei lavori pubblici). In 1920 he became a senator. In 1921/22 he was Minister for Education and 1923/24 for Economics. In the 1920s he became president of the Compagnia Generale di Elettricità and the Società Meridionale di Elettricità and in 1931 of the Società industrie elettriche Rodi and the Azienda elettrica bengasina. He also became head of the Radio Commission.
Towards the end of his life he developed a keen interest in the development of television. In 1935 he became president of the international center for television in Nice.
He was President of the Italian Physical Society (1914-1919). In 1909 he received the Matteucci Medal . He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei (1918), the Turin Academy, the Royal Society in Naples and the Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (1911), of which he was president from 1932 to 1937.
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| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Corbino, Orso Mario |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 30, 1876 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Augusta (Sicily) |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 23, 1937 |
| Place of death | Rome |