Ortervirales

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Ortervirales
HI-Virion de.svg

HI virus (graphic)

Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Pararnavirae
Phylum : Artverviricota
Class : Revtraviricetes
Order : Ortervirales
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) ss RNA / dsDNA
Baltimore : Group 6/7
Scientific name
Ortervirales

The Ortervirales (sometimes also called Retrovirales ) are an order of viruses in which the genome is either present as single-stranded RNA and replication takes place via an intermediate DNA stage ( Baltimore classification group 6) or in which the genome is, conversely, present as double-stranded DNA and the replication takes place via an RNA intermediate stage (Baltimore classification group 7).

The name is derived from the backward reading of the prefix Retro- of its most prominent members, the retroviruses (family Retroviridae , with the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV- 1 and HIV-2).

A characteristic of Ortervirales is that at some point in the replication cycle , RNA has to be written back into DNA ( reverse transcription , mediated by an enzyme called ' reverse transcriptase ' ). Conversely, all reverse transcribing viruses belong to the Ortervirales with the exception of the Hepadnaviridae , to which apparently only a distant relationship exists.

The reverse transcriptases of all Ortervirales have a common origin (i.e., they are homologous ). The Belpaoviren , Metaviren , pseudo viruses and retroviruses also have other characteristics in common: Your polymerase - proteins are similar in structure and include both an aspartate protease and one of the DDE recombinase superfamily been listening integrase . Your RNAs contain terminal repeats ( Long Terminal Repeats , LTRs) of comparable length. They also share similar capsid and nucleocapsid proteins or domains. Caulimoviruses also share some characteristics with belpaoviruses, metaviruses, pseudoviruses, and retroviruses such as a homologous aspartate protease. The caulimoviruses also share some characteristics with the others (belpaoviruses, metaviruses, pseudoviruses and retroviruses), such as a homologous aspartate protease.

Systematics

In the Ortervirales order , the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses knows the following four families as of November 2018:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Commelina yellow mottle virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ a b M Krupovic, J Blomberg, JM Coffin, I Dasgupta, H Fan, AD Geering, R Gifford, B Harrach, R Hull, W Johnson, JF Kreuze, D Lindemann, C Llorens, B Lockhart, J Mayer, E Muller , N Olszewski, HR Pappu, M Pooggin, KR Richert-Pöggeler, S Sabanadzovic, H Sanfaçon, JE Schoelz, S Seal, L Stavolone, JP Stoye, PY Teycheney, M Tristem, EV Koonin, JH Kuhn: Ortervirales : New virus order unifying five families of reverse-transcribing viruses. . In: Journal of Virology . 92, No. 12, April 4, 2018. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.00515-18 . PMID 29618642 . PMC 5974489 (free full text). , P. E00515-18
  3. ↑ Taxonomy ( s )
  4. ↑ Jens H. Kuhn, Mart Krupovic, et al. : Creation of new order, Ortervirales, for 5 families of reverse-transcribing viruses , ICTV Proposal (Taxoprop) 2017.013D, DOI: 10.1340 / RG.2.2.24914.04804
  5. ↑ M Krupovic, EV Koonin: Homologous capsid protein Testify to the Common Ancestry of Retroviruses, Caulimoviruses, pseudo-virus, and Metaviruses. . In: Journal of Virology . 91, No. 12, 2017. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.00210-17 . PMID 28356531 . PMC 5446648 (free full text). , P. E00210–17

See also