Rice (genus)

rice
	Oryza sativa , illustration
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Genre :	rice
Scientific name
	Oryza
	L.

Rice ( Oryza ) is a genus of plants from the tribe Oryzeae in the subfamily Ehrhartoideae , from the sweet grass family (Poaceae) with 19 species . It is distributed worldwide in warm zones.

The rice type Oryza sativa is particularly important for the production of rice as a food . Another species is grown in West Africa : Oryza glaberrima , a species native to Africa.

The water rice (wild rice) belongs to the same tribe, but it belongs to a different genus namely Zizania .

features

The plants grow annual or perennial , the stalks stand upright or grow upwards in clusters or from short rhizomes . The broad, linear, flat leaf blades grow mainly on the upper part of the stalk, the membranous ligula occasionally grows elongated.

The inflorescence is composed of numerous spikelets , often nodding panicle with short flower stalks , which is either not or only weakly branched in the lower area or arranged in whorls . The spikelets have only stunted glumes and consist of three florets, the lower two of which are sterile and consist of only one narrow lemma near the base of the fertile flower. This is strongly flattened laterally and sits in the axilla of a boat-shaped, keeled and conspicuously five-veined lemma, which is usually leathery and papilose , sometimes pointed and in some species has a long, straight awn . The palea is similar to the lemma, but narrower, three-veined and tapers like a beak. There are six stamens in two circles.

The fruit is a caryopsis , the shape of which varies greatly between species. The spikelet is shed above the glumes, which remain as a lobed border, after the seed has ripened, except in the cultivated varieties, where it remains on the plant.

The number of chromosomes is x = 12.

distribution

The species of the genus are native to the warm areas of Africa, Asia, Australia and Central and South America.

Oryza australiensis

Oryza rufipogon

Oryza sativa

species

The genus includes 19 species:

Oryza australiensis Domin : It occurs in northern Australia.
Oryza barthii A. Chev. : It occurs in tropical Africa to Botswana . The species Oryza glaberrima ,cultivated in West Africa,emergedfrom this species
Oryza brachyantha A. Chev. & Roehr. : It occurs from tropical West Africa to Sudan and Zambia .
Oryza coarctata Roxb. : It occurs in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar .
Oryza eichingeri Peter (Syn .: Oryza rhizomatis DAVaughan ): It occurs in Africa and Sri Lanka .
Oryza glaberrima Steud. - is grown in West Africa ("African rice"). It occurs from tropical West Africa to Chad .
Oryza grandiglumis (Döll) Prodoehl : It occurs in southern tropical America.
Oryza latifolia Desv. : It occurs from Mexico to tropical America.
Oryza longiglumis Jansen : It occurs in New Guinea.
Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr. : It occurs in tropical and southern Africa and in Madagascar.
Oryza meyeriana (Zoll. & Moritzi) Baill. : It occurs in tropical and subtropical Asia.
Oryza minuta J. Presl : It occurs in tropical Asia.
Oryza neocaledonica Morat : It occurs in New Caledonia .
Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt : It occurs from tropical Asia to southern China and northern Australia.
Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steud. : It occurs in Madagascar and in tropical and southern Africa.
Oryza ridleyi Hook.f. : It occurs from Indochina to New Guinea.
Oryza rufipogon handle. (Syn .: Oryza glumipatula Steud. , Oryza meridionalis N.Q.Ng , Oryza nivara S.D. Sharma & Shastry ): Their home is tropical and subtropical Asia and northern Australia. The species Oryza sativa , which is cultivated worldwide,emergedfrom this species.
Oryza sativa L. - is grown worldwide ("Asian rice"). The home is China.
Oryza schlechteri pilgrimage. : It occurs in New Guinea .

Web links

Commons : Oryza - collection of images, videos and audio files

proof

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang -zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann: Poaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 22, p. 182 ff., Online
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Oryza. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 30, 2016.

[FOC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang -zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann: Poaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 22, p. 182 ff., Online

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Oryza. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 30, 2016.